Biography:Johan Paulsson

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Johan Paulsson
Born
Kristinehamn, Sweden
CitizenshipSweden
Alma materUppsala University (M.S.,Ph.D.)
Scientific career
FieldsSystems biology, Mathematical biology, Stochastic Process
InstitutionsHarvard

Johan Paulsson is a Swedish mathematician and systems biologist at Harvard Medical School. He is a leading researcher in systems biology and stochastic processes, specializing in stochasticity in gene networks and plasmid reproduction.

Biography

Johan Paulsson was born in 1973, in Kristinehamn, a small city in the Swedish province of Värmland. He studied at Uppsala University, where he obtained a BSc in Mathematics in 1996, a Masters of Science in Molecular Biology in 1996, and a Ph.D. in Molecular Biology in 2000 on stochasticity in intracellular circuits, in particular in plasmid copy control, under the supervision of Profs. Mans Ehrenberg and Kurt Nordström. In 2000 he moved to Princeton University, where he was a Lewis-Thomas Fellow in Biophysics, where he did the research for his paper "Summing up the noise in genetic networks", which received wide attention because it gave a firm theoretical footing to the budding field of genetic noise. In 2003 he joined the Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge and was tenured the following year. In 2005 he moved to the recently created Department of Systems Biology at Harvard University, where he focused on the development of experimental techniques for counting plasmids in single cells and on theoretical results on control of fluctuations in gene expression.

He is married with two children.

Work

Paulsson's lab has made major contributions to the development of experimental techniques for counting plasmids, to extend his previous work on the mathematical aspects of plasmid replication[1][2][3][4][5] as well as theoretical work on the stochastic processes on gene expression and copy number control[6][7][8][9][10] and work on muti-level selection[11] by using experimental evolution.

His most influential publication is the analysis of all previous noise data and interpretations in one unified framework,[12][13] which later guided many experimental approaches.[14][15][16]

More recent results include the effects of partition in phenotypic variability,[17] the details of the stochastic processes that underlie gene expression noise and the limitations of the usual experimental approaches[18][19] and the fundamental limits of feedback as a noise control mechanism.[20] This set of interests led Paulsson to examine the repressilator, a synthetic gene regulatory network that was designed from scratch to oscillate and reported in 2000[21] by Michael Elowitz and Stanislas Leibler. Although the repressilator oscillated, and therefore demonstrated the potential of synthetic biology, the oscillations were noisy and quickly became incoherent on the single cell level. Using an understanding of the causes of noise in cellular networks, Paulsson's team was able to redesign the repressilator, retaining the basic design, to produce a new synthetic circuit that oscillated with unprecedented accuracy [22]

References

  1. ↑ Paulsson, J; K. Nordström; and M.Ehrenberg (1998). "Requirements for rapid plasmid copy number adjustments". Plasmid 39 (3): 215–234. doi:10.1006/plas.1998.1338. PMID 9571138. 
  2. ↑ Paulsson, J; M.Ehrenberg (1998). "Trade-off between segregational stability and metabolic burden". J. Mol. Biol. 279 (1): 73–88. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.1751. PMID 9636701. 
  3. ↑ Paulsson, J; M.Ehrenberg (2000). "Molecular clocks reduce plasmid losses: the R1 case.". J. Mol. Biol. 297 (1): 179–92. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3526. PMID 10704315. 
  4. ↑ Paulsson, J; M.Ehrenberg (2000). "Random signal fluctuations can reduce random fluctuations in regulated components of chemical regulatory networks". Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (23): 5447–50. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5447. PMID 10990965. Bibcode: 2000PhRvL..84.5447P. 
  5. ↑ Park, K.; E. Han; J. Paulsson; D. K. Chattoraj (2001). "Origin pairing ('handcuffing') as a mode of negative control of P1 plasmid copy number". EMBO J. 20 (24): 7323–32. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.24.7323. PMID 11743008. 
  6. ↑ Paulsson, J; O. G. Berg; M. Ehrenberg (2000). "Stochastic Focusing: Fluctuation enhanced sensitivity of intracellular regulation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (13): 7148–53. doi:10.1073/pnas.110057697. PMID 10852944. Bibcode: 2000PNAS...97.7148P. 
  7. ↑ Berg, O. G.; J. Paulsson; M. Ehrenberg (2000). "Fluctuations and quality of control in biological cells – Zero order ultrasensitivity reinvestigated". Biophys. J. 79 (3): 1228–36. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76377-6. PMID 10968987. Bibcode: 2000BpJ....79.1228B. 
  8. ↑ Berg, O. G.; J. Paulsson; M. Ehrenberg (2000). "Fluctuations in repressor control: Thermodynamic constraints on Stochastic Focusing". Biophys. J. 79 (6): 2944–53. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76531-3. PMID 11106602. Bibcode: 2000BpJ....79.2944B. 
  9. ↑ Paulsson, J; M.Ehrenberg (2001). "Noise in a minimal regulatory network: plasmid copy number control". Q. Rev. Biophys. 34 (1): 1–59. doi:10.1017/s0033583501003663. PMID 11388089. 
  10. ↑ Elf, J.; J. Paulsson; O. G. Berg; M. Ehrenberg (2003). "Near-critical phenomena in intracellular metabolite pools". Biophys. J. 84 (1): 154–70. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74839-5. PMID 12524272. Bibcode: 2003BpJ....84..154E. 
  11. ↑ Paulsson, J (2002). "Noise in a minimal regulatory network: plasmid copy number control". Genetics 161 (4): 1373–84. doi:10.1093/genetics/161.4.1373. PMID 12238464. 
  12. ↑ Paulsson, J (2004). "Summing up the noise in gene networks". Nature 427 (6973): 415–8. doi:10.1038/nature02257. PMID 14749823. Bibcode: 2004Natur.427..415P. 
  13. ↑ Paulsson, J (2005). "Models of Stochastic Gene Expression.". Phys. Life Rev. 2 (2): 157–175. doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2005.03.003. Bibcode: 2005PhLRv...2..157P. 
  14. ↑ Golding, I; Paulsson J; Zawilski SM; Cox EC. (2005). "Real-time kinetics of gene activity in individual bacteria.". Cell 123 (6): 1025–36. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.031. PMID 16360033. 
  15. ↑ Bar-Even, A; Paulsson J; Maheshri N; Carmi M; O'Shea E; Pilpel Y; Barkai N. (2006). "Noise in protein expression scales with natural protein abundance.". Nat. Genet. 38 (6): 636–43. doi:10.1038/ng1807. PMID 16715097. 
  16. ↑ Rando, O J; J. Paulsson (2006). "Noisy silencing of chromatin.". Cell 11 (2): 134–6. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.07.012. PMID 16890152. 
  17. ↑ Huh, D; J. Paulsson (2011). "Non-genetic heterogeneity from stochastic partitioning at cell division.". Nat. Genet. 43 (2): 95–100. doi:10.1038/ng.729. PMID 21186354. 
  18. ↑ Pedraza, J M; J. Paulsson (2008). "Effects of molecular memory and bursting on fluctuations in gene expression". Science 319 (5861): 339–343. doi:10.1126/science.1144331. PMID 18202292. Bibcode: 2008Sci...319..339P. 
  19. ↑ Hilfinger, A; J. Paulsson (2011). "Separating intrinsic from extrinsic fluctuations in dynamic biological systems". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 (29): 12167–12172. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018832108. PMID 21730172. Bibcode: 2011PNAS..10812167H. 
  20. ↑ Lestas, I; G. Vinnicombe; J. Paulsson (2010). "Fundamental limits on the suppression of molecular fluctuations". Nature 467 (7312): 174–8. doi:10.1038/nature09333. PMID 20829788. Bibcode: 2010Natur.467..174L. 
  21. ↑ A Synthetic Oscillatory Network of Transcriptional Regulators; Michael Elowitz and Stanislas Leibler; Nature. 2000 Jan 20;403(6767):335-8.
  22. ↑ Potvin-Trottier, L; Lord ND; Vinnicombe G.; Paulsson J. (2016). "Synchronous long-term oscillations in a synthetic gene circuit.". Nature 538 (7626): 514–517. doi:10.1038/nature19841. PMID 27732583. Bibcode: 2016Natur.538..514P. 

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