Biography:Arius Didymus
Arius Didymus (Greek: Ἄρειος Δίδυμος Areios Didymos; fl. 1st century BC) was a Stoic philosopher and teacher of Augustus. Fragments of his handbooks summarizing Stoic and Peripatetic doctrines are preserved by Stobaeus and Eusebius.
Life
Arius was a citizen of Alexandria. Augustus esteemed him so highly, that after the conquest of Alexandria, he declared that he spared the city chiefly for the sake of Arius.[1] According to Plutarch, Arius advised Augustus to execute Caesarion, the son of Cleopatra and Julius Caesar, with the words "ouk agathon polukaisarie" ("it is not good to have too many Caesars"), a pun on a line in Homer.[2]
Arius as well as his two sons, Dionysius and Nicanor, are said to have instructed Augustus in philosophy.[3] He is frequently mentioned by Themistius, who says that Augustus valued him not less than Agrippa.[4] From Quintilian[5] it appears that Arius also taught or wrote on rhetoric.[6] He is presumably the "Arius" whose Life was among those in the missing final section of book VII of the Lives of Diogenes Laërtius.[7]
Philosophy
Arius Didymus is usually identified with the Arius whose works are quoted at length by Stobaeus, summarising Stoic, Peripatetic and Platonist philosophy.[8] That his full name is Arius Didymus we know from Eusebius, who quotes two long passages of his concerning Stoic views on God; the conflagration of the Universe; and the soul.[9]
Notes
- ↑ Plutarch, Ant. 80, Apophth.; Dio Cassius, li. 16; Julian, Epistles, 51; comp. Strabo, xiv.
- ↑ David Braund et al, Myth, history and culture in republican Rome: studies in honour of T.P. Wiseman, University of Exeter Press, 2003, p. 305. The original line was "ouk agathon polukoiranie": "Too many leaders are not good" or "the rule of many is a bad thing" (Homer, Iliad, Bk. II. vers. 204 and 205). In Greek "polukaisarie" is a variation on "polukoiranie". "Kaisar" (Caesar) replacing "Koiran(os)", meaning "leader".
- ↑ Suetonius, Augustus, 89.
- ↑ Themistius, Orat. v, viii, x, xiii
- ↑ Quintilian, ii. 15. § 36, iii. 1. § 16
- ↑ Comp. Seneca, consol. ad Marc. 4; Aelian, Varia Historia, xii. 25; Suda
- ↑ Richard Hope, 1930, The book of Diogenes Laertius: its spirit and its method, p. 17.
- ↑ Sedley, D., "The School, from Zeno to Arius Didymus" in Inwood, B. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics (Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 32.
- ↑ Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica, xv. 15, 18–20.
Further reading
- Fortenbaugh, W. (Editor) (2002). On Stoic and Peripatetic Ethics: The Work of Arius Didymus. Transaction Publishers. ISBN:0765809729
- Holiday, Ryan; Hanselman, Stephen (2020). "Arius Didymus the Kingmaker II". Lives of the Stoics. New York: Portfolio/Penguin. pp. 168–176. ISBN 978-0525541875.
- Inwood, R. and L.P. Gerson, L.P. (1997). Hellenistic Philosophy. Introductory Readings, 2nd edition, Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis/Cambridge, pp. 203–232. [ISBN missing]
- Pomeroy, Arthur J. (ed.) (1999). "Arius Didymus". Epitome of Stoic Ethics. Texts and Translations 44; Graeco-Roman 14. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. ix, 160. ISBN:0884140016
External links
- Eusebius of Caesarea, Praeparatio Evangelica, Book XV. 15, 18–20.
- Joannes Stobaeus, Anthology, Book II. 7.5–12.
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