Engineering:Shang-class submarine
 Profile of the Type 093
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Type 093 |
| Builders: | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao[1] |
| Operators: |
 People's Liberation Army Navy |
| Preceded by: | Type 091 |
| Succeeded by: | Type 095 |
| In commission: | 2006–present |
| Completed: | 6[2] |
| Active: | 6[3] |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Nuclear-powered attack submarine |
| Displacement: | 6,096 tonnes (submerged)[1] |
| Length: | 107 m (351 ft 1 in)[1] |
| Beam: | 11 m (36 ft 1 in)[1] |
| Draft: | 7.5 m (24 ft 7 in)[1] |
| Propulsion: | Pressurized water nuclear reactor[1] |
| Speed: | 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)[1] |
| Range: | Unlimited |
| Complement: | 100[1] |
| Sensors and processing systems: | |
| Armament: | |
The Type 093 submarine (NATO reporting name: Shang class) is a class of nuclear-powered attack submarines constructed by the People's Republic of China for the People's Liberation Army Navy.[1]
Development
GlobalSecurity.org reports that development of the Type 093 began in the early 1980s.[4] However, Admiral Liu Huaqing wrote in his memoirs that development began in 1994 following President Jiang Zemin's continued support for nuclear submarine development after the launch of the final Type 091 in 1990. Erickson and Goldstein suggest that the Yinhe incident in 1993,[5] and continued tensions with Taiwan,[6] also drove Jiang Zemin's support of the program. Russian experts aided the design.[1]
The first Type 093 was laid down in 1994 and commissioned in 2006. The second was laid down in 2000 and commissioned in 2007. The first Type 093A was laid down in 2009 and was commissioned in 2015.[1]
Variants
- Type 093
Initial design.[1] In the early 2000s, Chinese sources reported that the Type 093's noise level was on par with the improved Los Angeles-class submarines, and with Project 971 (NATO reporting name Akula) at 110 decibels.[7] In 2009, USN ONI listed the Type 093 as being noisier than Project 671RTM (NATO reporting name Victor III) which entered service in 1979.[8] Two built. NATO reporting name Shang I.[2]
- Type 093A
Modified design, possibly with greater length[1] and a hump behind the sail.[9] Four built. NATO reporting name Shang II.[2]
- Type 093B
Projected "guided-missile nuclear attack submarine" variant armed with surface/land-attack missiles.[2]
Ships of class
| Pennant number | Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fleet | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type 093 | ||||||
| 407[1] | Bohai Shipyard[1] | 24 December 2002[1] | December 2006[1] | North Sea Fleet[1] | Active[3] | |
| 408[1] | Bohai Shipyard[1] | 2000[1] | December 2003[1] | North Sea Fleet[1] | Active[3] | |
| Type 093A | ||||||
| 409[1] | Bohai Shipyard[1] | 2012[1] | Active[3] | |||
| 410[1] | Bohai Shipyard[1] | 2013[1] | Active[3] | |||
| Active[3] | ||||||
| Active[3] | ||||||
| Type 093B | ||||||
| Bohai Shipyard | 2022[10] | |||||
| Bohai Shipyard | 2023[10] | |||||
See also
- People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force
- List of submarine classes in service
- Attack submarine
References
Citations
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 Saunders, Stephan, ed (2015). Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016. Jane's Information Group. p. 129. ISBN 978-0710631435.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 United States Department of Defense 2021, p. 49.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 The International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022). The Military Balance 2022. Routledge. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-032-27900-8.
- ↑ "Type 093 Shang-class Nuclear Attack Submarine". 24 November 2013. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/type-93.htm.
- ↑ Erickson and Goldstein (2007: 58)
- ↑ Erickson and Goldstein (2007: 64-65)
- ↑ Erickson and Goldstein (2007: 67)
- ↑ Office of Naval Intelligence (2009: 22)
- ↑ "Image shows new variant of China's Type 093 attack submarine". 23 June 2016. http://www.janes.com/article/61727/image-shows-new-variant-of-china-s-type-093-attack-submarine.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "China launches second possible Type 093B hull". 1 February 2023. https://www.janes.com/defence-news/naval-weapons/latest/china-launches-second-possible-type-093b-hull.
Sources
- Erickson, Andrew S.; Goldstein, Lyle J. (Winter 2007). "China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force: Insights from Chinese Writings". Naval War College Review 60 (1). https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1835&context=nwc-review. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- Office of Naval Intelligence (August 2009). The People's Liberation Army Navy, A Modern Navy with Chinese Characteristics (Report). http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/oni/pla-navy.pdf. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- United States Department of Defense (November 2021). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2021 (Report). https://media.defense.gov/2021/Nov/03/2002885874/-1/-1/0/2021-CMPR-FINAL.PDF. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
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