Earth:List of lava tubes
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A lava tube, or pyroduct,[1] is a natural conduit formed by flowing lava from a volcanic vent that moves beneath the hardened surface of a lava flow. If lava in the tube empties, it will leave a cave.
Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Unnamed cave along the Kakomeru climbing route of Mt. Nyamulagira[2]
Ethiopia
- 70 m lava tube cave has been recorded southeast of Addis Ababa and a smaller example on K'one Volcano[2]
Kenya
- Chyulu Hills – contains nearly 100 tubes[2]
- Elmenteita Badlands north of Mt. Eburru – several small caves[2]
- Leviathan Cave – At 12.5 kilometres, it is the longest lava tube in Africa.[3]
- Emuruangogolak Volcano caves[2]
- North Chyulu hills area – 20 caves are known[2]
- Lake Tillam, near Korosi Volcano – several known lava tubes[2]
- Mount Suswa – around 40 known caves totaling around 11 km[2]
- Menengai Caldera – single vent-like cave[2]
- Nyambeni Mountains near Maua – 2 known caves[2]
Rwanda
- Musanze System – total 5.1 km[2]
Tanzania
- Mount Kilimanjaro Mawenzi lava tube system (at least 5)[4]
Uganda
- Garama Cave – Kigesi District, is 342 m long[2]
Asia
China
- Wudalianchi National Park and Global Geopark[5]
- Jingpo Hu National Park and Global Geopark[5]
- Leiqiong Global Geopark – More than 30 tubes[5]
- Seventy Two Cave Lava Tunnel[5]
Japan
- Fugaku Wind Cave
- Lake Sai Bat Cave
- Narusawa Ice Cave
Saudi Arabia
- Harrat Khaybar lava field – Umm Jirsan lava tube – 1.5 km long (Pint 2009)
South Korea
- Geomunoreum Lava Tube System
Europe
Iceland
- Búri (cave)
- Raufarhólshellir
- Surtshellir – For a long time, this was the longest known lava tube in the world.[8]
- Víðgelmir
Italy
Portugal
- Azores
- Algar do Carvão
- Furna de Água
- Furnas do Cavalum
- Galerias da Feteira
- Gruta Brisa Azul
- Gruta das Agulhas
- Gruta das Cinco Ribeiras
- Gruta das Mercês
- Gruta das Torres
- Gruta do Carvão
- Gruta do Natal
- Gruta do Zé Grande
- São Vicente Caves
Spain
- Canary Islands
- Cuevas de los Murciélagos
- Cueva de los Verdes
- Cueva del Viento
- Jameos del Agua
- Tunnel de la Atlantida
- Cueva de los Verdes
North America
United States
- Ape Cave – Washington (state)
- Bandera Volcano Ice Cave – New Mexico
- Cheese Cave – Washington (state)
- Indian Tunnel lava tube (and more than 250 other examples) in Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho[9]
- Derrick Cave – Oregon
- El Malpais National Monument, in western New Mexico[10]
- Hālona Blowhole
- Kaumana Cave – Hawaii
- Kazumura Cave, Hawaii – Not only the world's most extensive lava tube, but at 65.5 kilometres (40.7 mi), it has the greatest linear extent of any cave known.[11]
- Kuna Caves – Idaho
- Lava Beds National Monument – California
- Newberry National Volcanic Monument – Oregon
- Lava River Cave – Arizona
- Mammoth Cave – Utah
- Niter Ice Cave – Idaho
- Pluto's Cave – California
- Skylight Cave – Oregon
- Subway Cave Lava Tubes – Lassen National Forest, California[14]
- Wilson Butte Cave – Idaho
Oceania
Australia
- Undara Volcanic National Park – Queensland
Galapagos
- Bellavista lava tunnel[15]
New Zealand
- Auckland volcanic field Includes more than 50 lava tubes
Samoa
Extra Terrestrial
References
- ↑ "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park – Lava Tubes". National Park Service. 28 April 2020. https://www.nps.gov/havo/learn/nature/lava-tubes.htm.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 Jim W. Simons "Volcanic Caves of East Africa – An Overview " Int. J. Spelenl.. 27 B (1/4), (1998): 11–20
- ↑ Forti; Galli; Rossi (July 2004). "Minerogenesis of Volcanic Caves of Kenya". International Journal of Speleology 32: 3–18. doi:10.5038/1827-806X.32.1.1. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1220&context=ijs. Retrieved 7 Apr 2017.
- ↑ Clive Ward "Lava Caves of Kilimanjaro. Mawenzi Lava Tubes" Int. J. Speleol., 27 I3 (1/4), (1998): 53.56.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 Chris Wood & Haiyan Zhang "Volcanic Centres and Lava Caves in China" Proceedings 14th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 2010 pp. 123–129
- ↑ Barclay, Jennifer (2012-04-27). "10 Reasons Travelers Can't Keep Away from Jeju Island". CNN Travel. http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/play/10-things-do-jeju-island-045157.
- ↑ "Manjanggul Lava Tube [National Geopark (만장굴 (제주도 국가지질공원)) : VISITKOREA"] (in en). https://english.visitkorea.or.kr/svc/whereToGo/locIntrdn/locIntrdnList.do?vcontsId=111165&menuSn=351.
- ↑ "Surtshellir-Stefánshellir System". Caves of Iceland. Showcaves. http://www.showcaves.com/english/misc/caves/Surtshellir.html.
- ↑ "Caves of Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho". National Park Service. 2018-02-08. https://www.nps.gov/crmo/learn/nature/cave.htm. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
- ↑ Polyak, Victor J.; Provencio, Paula P. (2020). "The 'hornito-style' lava stalagmites and lava column in Lava Column Cave, El Malpais National Monument". New Mexico Geological Society Special Publication 14: 37–40. https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/special/14/NMGS_SP-14.pdf. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
- ↑ Gulden, Bob (2011-06-21), World's Longest Lava Tubes, http://www.caverbob.com/lava.htm, retrieved 2011-06-26
- ↑ Newberry National Volcanic Monument
- ↑ Donnelly-Nolan, J. M.; Stovall, W. K.; Ramsey, D. W.; Ewert, J. W.; Jensen, R. A. (2011). Hendley II, J. W.. ed. Newberry Volcano – Central Oregon's Sleeping Giant: USGS Fact Sheet 2011–3145. United States Geological Survey. https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/fs2011-3145.pdf.
- ↑ Subway Cave, United States Department of Agriculture. Accessed 20 June 2021.
- ↑ "Lava Tubes of Bellavista on Santa Cruz, the Galápagos". 27 June 2016. https://uncover.travel/bellavista-lava-tubes/.
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