Social:Vaal–Orange language

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Short description: Extinct ǃKwi language of Southern Africa
Vaal–Orange
Seroa
RegionSouth Africa, Lesotho
ExtinctLate 20th centurye25
Tuu
  • ǃKwi
    • Vaal–Orange
Dialects
  • ǂUngkue
  • ǁŨǁʼe
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
gku – ǂUngkue
kqu – Seroa (partial: ǁŨǁʼe)
Glottologkuee1238  ǁKuǁe[1]
vaal1235  Vaal–Orange[2]

Vaal–Orange, also known as Seroa, is an extinct ǃKwi language of South Africa and Lesotho. It comprised the ǂUngkue dialect (also rendered ǂKunkwe) of the Warrenton area, recorded by Carl Meinhof, and the ǁŨǁʼe dialect (also rendered ǁKu-ǁʼe or ǁKuǁe),[3] spoken near Theunissen and Bethany in South Africa and into Lesotho, recorded by Dorothea Bleek.[4]

The name "Vaal–Orange" comes from the Vaal and Orange Rivers, which converge where ǂUngkue dialect was spoken. Seroa is the Sesotho name, literally "language of the Baroa (Bushmen)".

Like ǀXam, ǂUngkue used 'inclusory' pronouns for compound subjects:

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References

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "ǁKuǁe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kuee1238. 
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Vaal–Orange". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/vaal1235. 
  3. Distinguish ǁNg ǃʼe, a form of Nǁng, and Nǀhuǁéi, which is a variety of Taa.
  4. Tom Güldemann (2011) "The Lower Nossob varieties of Tuu: ǃUi, Taa or neither?"

Sources


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