Biography:Valentin Turchin
Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin | |
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Валентин Фёдорович Турчин | |
.jpg) Turchin in 1977 | |
| Born | February 14, 1931 Podolsk, USSR |
| Died | April 7, 2010 (aged 79) Oakland, New Jersey |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Citizenship |
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| Alma mater | Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics |
| Known for |
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| Children | Peter Turchin Dimitri Turchin |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | cybernetics, computer science |
| Institutions |
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Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin (Russian: Валенти́н Фёдорович Турчи́н, 14 February 1931 in Podolsk – 7 April 2010 in Oakland, New Jersey[1]) was a Soviet and American physicist, cybernetician, and computer scientist. He developed the Refal programming language, the theory of metasystem transitions and the notion of supercompilation. He was as a pioneer in artificial intelligence and a proponent of the global brain hypothesis.
Biography
Turchin was born in 1931 in Podolsk, Soviet Union. In 1952, he graduated from Moscow University in Theoretical Physics, and got his Ph.D. in 1957. After working on neutron and solid-state physics at the Institute for Physics of Energy in Obninsk, in 1964 he accepted a position at the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics in Moscow. There he worked in statistical regularization methods and authored REFAL, one of the first AI languages and the AI language of choice in the Soviet Union.
In the 1960s, Turchin became politically active. In Fall 1968, he wrote the pamphlet The Inertia of Fear, which was quite widely circulated in samizdat, the writing began to be circulated under the title The Inertia of Fear: Socialism and Totalitarianism in Moscow from 1976.[2] Following its publication in the underground press, he lost his research laboratory.[3] In 1970 he authored "The Phenomenon of Science",[4] a grand cybernetic meta-theory of universal evolution, which broadened and deepened the earlier book. By 1973, Turchin had founded the Moscow chapter of Amnesty International with Andrey Tverdokhlebov and was working closely with the well-known physicist and Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov. In 1974 he lost his position at the Institute, and was persecuted by the KGB. Facing almost certain imprisonment, he and his family were forced to emigrate from the Soviet Union in 1977.
He went to New York, where he joined the faculty of the City University of New York in 1979. In 1990, together with Cliff Joslyn and Francis Heylighen, he founded the Principia Cybernetica Project, a worldwide organization devoted to the collaborative development of an evolutionary-cybernetic philosophy. In 1998, he co-founded the software start-up SuperCompilers, LLC. He retired from his post of Professor of Computer Science at City College in 1999. A resident of Oakland, New Jersey,[5] he died there on 7 April 2010.[1]
He has two sons named Peter Turchin and Dimitri Turchin. Peter Turchin is a specialist in population dynamics and mathematical modeling of historical dynamics.
Work
The philosophical core of Turchin's scientific work is the concept of the metasystem transition, which denotes the evolutionary process through which higher levels of control emerge in system structure and function.
Turchin uses this concept to provide a global theory of evolution and a coherent social systems theory, to develop a complete cybernetics philosophical and ethical system, and to build a constructivist foundation for mathematics.
Using the REFAL language he has implemented a Supercompiler, a unified method for program transformation and optimization based on a metasystem transition.[6]
Major publications
- Valentin F. Turchin (1977). The Phenomenon of Science. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03983-3. http://pcp.vub.ac.be/POSBOOK.html.
- Sakharov, Andrei; Turchin, Valentin; Medvedev, Roy (6 June 1970). "The need for democratization". The Saturday Review: 26–27.
- Sakharov, Andrei; Turchin, Valentin; Medvedev, Roy (Summer 1970). "An open letter". Survey: 160–170.
- Valentin F. Turchin (May 1978). "Why you should boycott the Russians". Nature 273 (5660): 256–257. doi:10.1038/273256a0. Bibcode: 1978Natur.273..256T.
- Valentin F. Turchin (September 1978). "Boycotting the Soviet Union". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 34 (7): 7–11. doi:10.1080/00963402.1978.11458530. Bibcode: 1978BuAtS..34g...7T.
- Турчин, Валентин (1978) (in Russian). Инерция страха: социализм и тоталитаризм (2 ed.). New York: Khronika. http://www.ihst.ru/projects/sohist/papers/turchin/content.htm.
- Turchin, Valentin; Handle, Philip (January 1980). "Boycott Helsinki meeting". Physics Today 33 (1): 11. doi:10.1063/1.2913894. Bibcode: 1980PhT....33a..11T.
- Turchin, Valentin (4 January 1980). "From Helsinki to Hamburg". Science 207 (4426): 8. doi:10.1126/science.6444253. Bibcode: 1980Sci...207....8T.
- Valentin F. Turchin (1981). The Inertia of Fear and the Scientific Worldview. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04622-0.
- Turchin, Valentin (July 1985). "Orlov in exile". Physics Today 38 (7): 9. doi:10.1063/1.2814623. Bibcode: 1985PhT....38g...9T.
- Valentin F. Turchin (July 1986). "The concept of a supercompiler". ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 8 (3): 292–325. doi:10.1145/5956.5957.
- Valentin F. Turchin (March 1987). "A constructive interpretation of the full set theory". Journal of Symbolic Logic 52 (1): 172–201. doi:10.2307/2273872.
- Valentin F. Turchin (1993). "On cybernetic epistemology". Systems Research 10 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1002/sres.3850100102.
- Turchin, Valentin F. (1993). "The Cybernetic Ontology of Action". Kybernetes 22 (2): 10–30. doi:10.1108/eb005960. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Papers/Turchin/Cybernetic_Ontology.pdf.
- Turchin, Valentin F. (1995). "A dialogue on metasystem transition". World Futures 45 (1): 5–57. doi:10.1080/02604027.1995.9972553. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Papers/Turchin/dialog.pdf.
- Refal-5: Programming Guide and Reference Manual, New England Publishing Co. Holyoke MA, 1989
- Principia Cybernetica Web (as editor, together with F. Heylighen and C. Joslyn) (1993–2005)
Most cited publications according to Google Scholar
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Joslyn, Cliff (April 2011). "Valentin F. Turchin (1931–2010)". International Journal of General Systems 40 (3): 233–236. doi:10.1080/03081079.2010.550144.
- ↑ "Sandzdat News". A Chronicle of Current Events (40–42): 270. 1979. https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/204000/eur460221979eng.pdf.
- ↑ Valentin F. Turchin (1977). The Phenomenon of Science. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 11. ISBN 978-0-231-03983-3. http://pcp.vub.ac.be/POSBOOK.html.
- ↑ Valentin F. Turchin (1977). The Phenomenon of Science. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03983-3. http://pcp.vub.ac.be/POSBOOK.html.
- ↑ Rosenthal, Andrew. "For the Soviet Emigres, Gorbachev Stirs Both Optimism and Skepticism", The New York Times , December 5, 1987. Accessed May 25, 2016. "Valentin Turchin, who teaches computer sciences at the City College of New York and lives in Oakland, N.J., said: 'Both sides of Gorbachev's new era must be stressed. What he says is significant and unprecedented, but at the same time, it should be seen only as a beginning. In addition, we generally have the impression that during the last months, things have started curving down.'"
- ↑ Valentin F. Turchin (1996). "Supercompilation: Techniques and results". Perspectives of System Informatics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 227–248. ISBN 978-3-540-62064-8. http://www.supercompilers.com/html/supercompilation.html.
External links
- Valentin Turchin, eulogy by Edward Kline, President of The Andrei Sakharov Foundation
- Turchin's home page on Principia Cybernetica web
- Profile of Valentin Turchin by Ben Goertzel
- Russian edition. The Phenomenon of Science The Phenomenon of Science. A cybernetic approach to human evolution. ETS Publishing House. Moscow - 2000, 398 pp, ISBN:5-93386-019-0
- refal.ru - REFAL and Supercompilation community
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