Biology:Phaleria clerodendron
| Scented daphne | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Thymelaeaceae |
| Genus: | Phaleria |
| Species: | P. clerodendron
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| Binomial name | |
| Phaleria clerodendron | |
| Synonyms[1][2][3] | |
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Drimyspermum clerodendron F.Muell. | |
Phaleria clerodendron, commonly known as scented daphne, scented phaleria or rosy apple, is an evergreen tree or tall shrub in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is endemic to the rainforests of north-eastern Queensland, Australia .[1]
Description
The scented daphne grows as a large shrub or small tree, usually around 3.5 m (11 ft) in height but may be up to 10 m (33 ft).[1][4] It is often multi-stemmed and may be buttressed.[5][6] The glabrous (glossy) dark green leaves are simple, measure 9–20 cm (3.5–7.9 in) long by 4–7.5 cm (1.6–3.0 in) wide, and are attached to the twig with a petiole around 1 cm (0.39 in) long.[1][4]
Flowering occurs from October to April and the inflorescences mostly arise from the branches (ramiflorous), or from the trunk (cauliflorous), but may also arise in the leaf axils.[5][6] The fragrant, clustered, white flowers have a very long corolla tube up to 40 mm (1.6 in) long, much longer than the petals.[1][4] They are followed by globose, fleshy, red fruits which are a drupe, and they ripen between December and July.[5]
Taxonomy
Ferdinand von Mueller initially described the species in 1869 as Drimyspermum clerodendron in his work Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae (vol.7), from material collected by John Dallachy at Rockingham Bay.[7] In 1873 George Bentham published another description in Flora Australiensis (vol.6), in which it was given the current binomial combination.[8]
Etymology
The genus name Phaleria comes from the Ancient Greek φάλαρος (phálāros) meaning "having a white spot"; the species epithet clerodendron refers to a resemblance to the genus Clerodendrum.[9]
Distribution and habitat
P. clerodendron is endemic to north-eastern Queensland, with recorded occurrences from near Cooktown in the north to Cardwell in the south. It grows in well developed rainforest at altitudes ranging from sea level up to about 900 m (3,000 ft), thus it is found in almost all parts of—and entirely contained within—the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area, with the exception of the highest peaks and the most southern section.[1][4]
Ecology
Fruits of the scented daphne are eaten by cassowaries.[1][5]
Conservation
This species is listed by the Queensland Department of Environment and Science as least concern.[10] (As of July 2021), it has not been assessed by the IUCN.
Cultivation
The species is regarded as an attractive garden ornamental due to its dark green foliage, the spectacular and pleasantly-scented flower clusters, and the colourful fruit. It may be grown with the correct care as far south as Sydney.[1][6][11][12]
Gallery
Ripe fruits, Cairns Botanic Gardens, July 2021
Trunk with unripened fruit
Flowers
Unripe fruit
Habit, Cairns Botanic Gardens, July 2021
_(brightened).jpg)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Phaleria clerodendron". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. 2020. https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Phaleria_clerodendron.htm.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Phaleria clerodendron (F.Muell.) Benth.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:832466-1.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Phaleria clerodendron". Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/80090.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Rye, B.L. (2020). "Phaleria clerodendron". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Phaleria%20clerodendron.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 541. ISBN 9780958174213. https://www.nokomis.com.au/product/nokomis-published-books/fruits-australian-tropical-rainforest/. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Jones, David L. (1986). Rainforest Plants of Australia. Bowgowlah, NSW, Australia: Reed Books. p. 231. ISBN 0-7301-0381-1.
- ↑ von Mueller, Ferdinand (1869). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. 7. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/760989. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ↑ Bentham, George (1873). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. 6. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12247022. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
- ↑ "Phaleria clerodendron". http://www.sgapcairns.org.au/SpeciesDescriptions/PhaCle/PhaCle.html.
- ↑ "Species profile—Phaleria clerodendron". Queensland Government. https://apps.des.qld.gov.au/species-search/details/?id=12591.
- ↑ "Mackay Regional Botanic Gardens - The Scented Daphne tree is popping out flowers from its trunk!". Mackay Regional Council. 7 January 2016. https://www.mackayregionalbotanicgardens.com.au/home/news/the_scented_daphne_tree_is_popping_out_flowers_from_its_trunk!.
- ↑ "Breathe Magic Into Your Rainforest Garden – Jerry Coleby-Williams". 7 April 2019. https://jerry-coleby-williams.net/2019/04/08/magical-rainforest-tree/.
External links
- View a map of recorded sightings of Phaleria clerodendron at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
- See images of Phaleria clerodendron on Flickriver
Wikidata ☰ Q7180286 entry
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