Biology:Platydesmida
| Platydesmida | |
|---|---|
_millipede_(3680001399).jpg)
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| Brachycybe lecontii (Androganthidae), a species found in eastern North America | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Diplopoda |
| Subclass: | Chilognatha |
| Infraclass: | Helminthomorpha |
| Subterclass: | Colobognatha |
| Order: | Platydesmida Cook, 1895 |
| Families | |
Platydesmida (Greek for platy "flat" and desmos "bond") is an order of millipedes containing two families and over 60 species.[1] Some species practice paternal care, in which males guard the eggs.
Description
Platydesmidans have a flattened body shape with lateral extensions (paranota) on each segment. They lack eyes, and have between 30 and 110 body segments. They measure up to 60 mm (2.4 in) in length.[2]
Behavior
While most millipedes feed on dead or decomposing leaf litter platydesmidans may be specialized to feed on fungi. Platydesmidans have also been studied with regard to parental investment, in that males of some species coil around eggs and young, a rare example of paternal care in arthropods. This behavior has been observed in species of Brachycybe from North America and Japan, and Yamasinaium from Japan, all are in the family Andrognathidae.[3][4]
Evolutionary history
The only described fossil of the order is from the Mid Cretaceous (~100 Ma) Burmese amber, belonging to the extant genus Andrognathus, several undescribed specimens belonging to the order are known from the same deposit.[5]
Distribution
Platydesmidans occur in North America, Central America, the Mediterranean region of Europe, Japan , China , southeast Asia and Indonesia.[6]
Classification
thumb|Three species of Platydesmus (Platydesmidae)thumb|Unidentified platydesmid from Malaysia
The order contains two families.[7]
Family Andrognathidae Cope, 1869
- Andrognathus
- Bazillozonium
- Brachycybe
- Corcyrozonium
- Dolistenus
- Fioria
- Gosodesmus
- Ischnocybe
- Mitocybe
- Pseudodesmus
- Sumatronium
- Symphyopleurium
- Trichozonium
- Yamasinaium
- Zinaceps
- Zinazonium
Family Platydesmidae DeSaussure, 1860
- Desmethus
- Platydesmus
References
- ↑ Shear, W. (2011). "Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness". Zootaxa 3148: 159–164. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.32. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p164.pdf.
- ↑ "Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders". Milli-PEET Identification Tables. The Field Museum, Chicago. http://fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_1.pdf.
- ↑ KUDO, Shin-ichi; KOSHIO, Chiharu; TANABE, Tsutomu (2009). "Male egg-brooding in the millipede Yamasinaium noduligerum (Diplopoda: Andrognathidae)". Entomological Science 12 (3): 346–347. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2009.00331.x.
- ↑ Kudo, Shin-Ichi; Akagi, Yoshinobu; Hiraoka, Shuichiro; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Morimoto, Gen (2011). "Exclusive Male Egg Care and Determinants of Brooding Success in a Millipede". Ethology 117 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01851.x.
- ↑ Moritz, Leif; Wesener, Thomas (September 2019). "The first known fossils of the Platydesmida—an extant American genus in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Diplopoda: Platydesmida: Andrognathidae)" (in en). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 19 (3): 423–433. doi:10.1007/s13127-019-00408-0. ISSN 1439-6092. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13127-019-00408-0.
- ↑ Shelley, Rowland M. (1999). "Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna". The Kansas School Naturalist 45 (3): 1–16. http://www.emporia.edu/ksn/v45n3-march1999/. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
- ↑ "Catalogue of Life - 24th September 2018 : Taxonomic tree". http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/17063536.
Further reading
- Costa, James T. (2006). "Other Social Arthropds: Arachnids, Centipedes, Millipedes, and Crustaceans". The Other Insect Societies. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 667–716. ISBN 9780674021631. https://books.google.com/books?id=PYRFDrZs9QAC&pg=PA667.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q4047049 entry
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