Biology:Chrysothrix
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Short description: Genus of lichens
| Chrysothrix | |
|---|---|
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| Chrysothrix chlorina, Unteres Rannatal, Austria | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Arthoniomycetes |
| Order: | Arthoniales |
| Family: | Chrysotrichaceae |
| Genus: | Chrysothrix Mont. (1852) |
| Type species | |
| Chrysothrix noli-tangere (Mont.) Mont. (1852)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Chrysothrix is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Chrysothricaceae.[2] They are commonly called gold dust lichens or sulfur dust lichens,[3]:253 because they are bright yellow to greenish-yellow, sometimes flecked with orange, and composed entirely of powdery soredia.[4] Apothecia are never present in North American specimens.[4]
They grow on bark or rocks, generally in shaded habitats.[4] They can sometimes be mistaken for sterile specimens of Chaenotheca, which usually has pinhead apothecia on tiny stalks, or Psilolechia, which usually has small, bright yellow apothecia.[4] Chrysothrix chlorina was traditionally used as a brown dye for wool in Scandinavia.[5]
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by French botanist Camille Montagne in 1852, with Chrysothrix noli-tangere assigned as the type species.[6]
Species
- Chrysothrix bergeri LaGreca (2020)[7] – southeastern United States; the Caribbean; Bermuda
- Chrysothrix caesia (Flot.) Ertz & Tehler (2011)
- Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R.Laundon (1981)[8]
- Chrysothrix chamaecyparicola Lendemer (2010)[9] – eastern North America
- Chrysothrix chilensis D.Liu & J.-S Hur (2018)[10] – Chile
- Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) J.R.Laundon (1981)[8]
- Chrysothrix chrysophthalma (P.James) P.James & J.R.Laundon (1981)[8]
- Chrysothrix citrinella Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2017)
- Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg (1994)[11]
- Chrysothrix frischii Kalb (2001)[12]
- Chrysothrix galapagoana K.Knudsen & Bungartz (2013)
- Chrysothrix granulosa G.Thor (1988)[13] – South America
- Chrysothrix insulizans R.C.Harris & Ladd (2008)[14]
- Chrysothrix noli-tangere (Mont.) Mont. (1852)
- Chrysothrix occidentalis Elix & Kantvilas (2007)[15] – Australia
- Chrysothrix oceanica Räsänen (1944)[16]
- Chrysothrix onokoensis (Wolle) R.C.Harris & Ladd (2008)[14]
- Chrysothrix palaeophila Kantvilas & Elix (2007)[15] – Australia
- Chrysothrix pavonii (Fr.) J.R.Laundon (1981)[8]
- Chrysothrix placodioides G.Thor (1988)[13] – South America
- Chrysothrix septemseptata Jagad.Ram, Lumbsch, Lücking & G.P.Sinha (2006)[17] – India
- Chrysothrix susquehannensis Lendemer & Elix (2010)[9] – eastern North America
- Chrysothrix tchupalensis Elix & Kantvilas (2007)[15] – Australia
- Chrysothrix xanthina (Vain.) Kalb (2001)
References
- ↑ "Synonymy: Chrysothrix Mont., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 18: 312 (1852)". Species Fungorum. http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=1037.
- ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
- ↑ Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN:978-0-300-19500-2
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Brodo, I. M., S. D. Sharnoff, and S. Sharnoff. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press: New Haven. ISBN:0-300-08249-5
- ↑ Uphof, J. C. T. 1959. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Hafner Publishing Co.: New York.
- ↑ Montagne, J.P.F.C. (1852). "Diagnoses Phycologiae" (in fr). Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 18: 302–319.
- ↑ LaGreca, Scott (2020). "Chrysothrix bergeri (Ascomycota: Arthoniales: Chrysothricaceae), a new lichen species from the southeastern United States, the Caribbean, and Bermuda". Plant and Fungal Systematics 65 (2): 509–514. doi:10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0029.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Laundon, J.R. (1981). "The species of Chrysothrix". The Lichenologist 13 (2): 101–121. doi:10.1017/s0024282981000169.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lendemer, J.C.; Elix, J.A. (2010). "Two new species of Chrysothrix from eastern North America". Opuscula Philolichenum 8: 51–58.
- ↑ Dong, Liu; Soon-Ok, Oh; Jung-Shin, Park; Jae-Seoun, Hur (2018). "New species and new record of genus Chrysothrix (Chrysotrichaceae, Arthoniales) from South Korea and Chile". Mycobiology 46 (3): 185–191.
- ↑ Tønsberg, T. (1994). "Chrysothrix flavovirens sp. nov. – the sorediate counterpart of C. chrysophthalma". Graphis Scripta 6 (1): 31–33. https://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Graphis/GS_6-1.pdf.
- ↑ Kalb, K. (2001). "New or otherwise interesting lichens. I". Bibliotheca Lichenologica 78: 141–167.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Thor, Göran (1988). "Two new species of Chrysothrix from South America". The Bryologist 91 (4): 360–363. doi:10.2307/3242777.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Harris, R.C.; Ladd, D. (2008). "The lichen genus Chrysothrix in the Ozark Ecoregion including a preliminary treatment for eastern and central North America". Opuscula Philolichenum 5: 29–42.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Elix, John A.; Kantvilas, Gintaras (2007). "The genus Chrysothrix in Australia". The Lichenologist 39 (4): 361–369. doi:10.1017/s0024282907006998.
- ↑ Räsänen, V. (1944). "Lichenes novi I". Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo" 20 (3): 1–34.
- ↑ Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M.; Sinha, G.P.; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H.Thorsten (2006). "A new species of Chrysothrix (Arthoniales: Arthoniaceae) from India". The Lichenologist 38 (2): 127–129. doi:10.1017/s0024282906005792.
Wikidata ☰ Q15644212 entry
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