Biology:Thiolava
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| Genus: | "Candidatus Thiolava" Danovaro et al. 2017
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"Candidatus Thiolava", represented by its sole species "Candidatus Thiolava veneris" (meaning Venus's hair), is a genus of bacteria discovered growing in stringlike mats after an eruption of the submarine volcano Tagoro near the Canary Islands.[1] The International Institute of Species Exploration named Thiolava veneris one of its 2018 Top 10 New Species.[2] The mats host a wide variety of other sea life.[3]
Physical characteristics
Thiolava veneris was found growing in laterally extensive mats in an area recently obliterated by underwater volcanism. The bacteria were discovered growing at about 130 m water depth, near the summit of the submarine volcano Tagoro. The mats of white, hair-like filaments formed by this bacterium cover an area of approximately 2,000 m2 around the newly formed volcanic cone. Each bacteria is 3-6 μm, and form white trichomes, or chains consisting of three helical strands surrounded by a protective sheath.[3] The sheaths are 36 to 90 μm wide and up to 3 cm long.Thiolava veneris was initially separated from a hydrothermal vent in the Aegean Sea that was barely 10 meters below the surface.1,2-dichloroethane. Thiolava veneris may grow at temperatures ranging from 15 to 37°C, with optimal growth happening at around 30°C. One of the organisms discovered in the study, which discovered evidence of phytosterol breakdown by the microbial communities, is Thiolava veneris.Thiolava veneris can move through the surrounding water and sediment because it is motile and has many polar flagella. Gram-negative bacteria such as Thiolava veneris have an envelope made up of an outer membrane, a layer of peptidoglycan, and an inner membrane called the cytoplasmic membrane. The microorganisms that live on carbonate crusts close to hydrothermal vents off the coast of Milos, Greece.
Metabolism
Thiolava veneris belongs to the Epsilonproteobacteria, a large bacterial phylogenetic group that also includes other sulfur-oxidizing hydrothermal vent bacteria.Unusually, T. veneris can grow heterotrophically or chemolithotrophically, utilizing sulfur and nitrogen supplied by the volcano.[1][3]Sulfur compounds and carbon dioxide using oxygen as the electron acceptor can be oxidized by Thiolava veneris to provide energy. This metabolic process is seen in chemolithoautotrophic bacteria.Thiolava lacks an enzyme that would prohibit deposition of elemental sulfur within the cytoplasm, thus allowing for mineral deposition within the cytoplasmic space.[3] The 1,2-dichloroethane, a hazardous industrial chemical, may be broken down by the bacterium, making it a potentially helpful bioremediation tool, according to the researchers.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Danovaro, Roberto; Canals, Miquel; Tangherlini, Michael; Dell’Anno, Antonio; Gambi, Cristina; Lastras, Galderic; Amblas, David; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna et al. (24 April 2017). "A submarine volcanic eruption leads to a novel microbial habitat". Nature Ecology & Evolution 1 (6): 0144. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0144. PMID 28812643.
- ↑ Strickland, Ashley (23 May 2018). "Meet the top 10 new species of 2018". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/23/world/top-10-new-species-2018/index.html.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Frazer, Jennifer (5 May 2017). "Bacterial hair on undersea volcano unlike any seen before". Scientific American. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/artful-amoeba/bacterial-hair-on-undersea-volcano-unlike-any-seen-before.
Böhnke, S., Sass, H., & Cypionka, H. (2010). Degradation of 1, 2-dichloroethane by Thiolava veneris sp. nov., a mesophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(7), 2015-2020.
Meyer, S., Wegener, G., Lloyd, K. G., Teske, A., Boetius, A., & Ramette, A. (2013). Microbial habitat connectivity across spatial scales and hydrothermal temperature gradients at Guaymas Basin. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, 207. Wikidata ☰ Q30754248 entry
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