Biology:Indian Vaccination Act of 1832
The Indian Vaccination Act is a US federal law was passed by the US Congress in 1832.[1] The purpose of the act was to vaccinate the American Indians against smallpox to prevent the spread of the disease.
History
The act was first passed on May 5, 1832. Lewis Cass, Secretary of War, designed the act.[2] Members of Congress appropriated US$12,000 dollars (approximately $350,000 in current money) to vaccinate them.[3] By February 1, 1833, more than 17,000 Indians had been vaccinated.[4]
Congress allocated $12,000 for the entire program, to be administered by Indian agents and sub-agents. Some US army surgeons refused to participate due to the lack of funds, leaving agents themselves and others with no medical training to produce and administer vaccines.[5] However, not everyone was included. As a result, a few years later, smallpox killed 90% of the Mandan Indians, who had been excluded from the act.[6] It also excluded Hidatsas and Arikaras.[4]
References
- ↑ "U.S. vaccinates Native peoples on the frontier against smallpox - Timeline - Native Voices". National Institutes of Health. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/282.html.
- ↑ Pearson, J. Diane (2003-08-28). "Lewis Cass and the Politics of Disease: The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832" (in en). Wíčazo Ša Review 18 (2): 9–35. doi:10.1353/wic.2003.0017. ISSN 1533-7901. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/46131.
- ↑ Bloch Rubin, Ruth. "Public Health, Indian Removal, and the Growth of State Capacity, 1800-1850". University of Wisconsin–Madison. https://apw.polisci.wisc.edu/APW_Papers/Public%20Health%20Indian%20Removal%20and%20the%20Growth%20of%20State%20Capacity%20Revised%20Draft.pdf.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Section 2: Smallpox Among Indian Tribes | North Dakota Studies". https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-ii-time-transformation-1201-1860/lesson-4-alliances-and-conflicts/topic-1-smallpox-epidemics-1781-1837-1851/section-2-smallpox-among-indian-tribes.
- ↑ SHRAKE, PETER (2012). "The Silver Man: JOHN H. KINZIE AND THE FORT WINNEBAGO INDIAN AGENCY". The Wisconsin Magazine of History 96 (2): 9–10. ISSN 0043-6534. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24399556. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ↑ Pearson, J. Diane (1997). The politics of disease: The Indian Vaccination Act, 1832. American Indian studies at the University of Arizona (Thesis). Retrieved 2020-03-30.
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