Biology:Algidia
| Algidia | |
|---|---|
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| Algidia sp, | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Family: | Triaenonychidae |
| Genus: | Algidia Hogg, 1920[1] |
| Species | |
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See text. | |
Algidia is a genus in the harvestman family Triaenonychidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and currently includes 12 species and subspecies.
Taxonomy
The genus Algidia was erected by Henry R. Hogg in 1920.[1] The type species is Algidia cuspidata Hogg, 1920.[1] Ray Forster initially considered Algidia to be a synonym of Adaeum[2] but re-established Algidia when he revised the genus in his 1954 monograph on the New Zealand Laniatores.[3]
The genus Algidia contains the following species and subspecies:
- Algidia cuspidata Hogg, 1920 — type species
- Algidia cuspidata multispinosa Forster, 1954
- Algidia chiltoni Roewer, 1931
- Algidia chiltoni longispinosa Forster, 1954
- Algidia chiltoni oconnori Forster, 1954
- Algidia homerica Forster, 1954
- Algidia interrupta Forster, 1954
- Algidia interrupta solatia Forster, 1954
- Algidia marplesi Forster, 1954
- Algidia nigriflavum (Loman, 1902)
- Algidia viridata Forster, 1954
- Algidia viridata bicolor Forster, 1954
Forster's revision includes a key to these taxa.[3] Forster also incorporated this information in a larger key to New Zealand Opiliones published in two parts.[4][5]
General appearance
Algidia has a row of prominent tubercles (cone-shaped protuberances) on the forward edge of the carapace. The eyemound (a raised, rounded structure with two eyes) bears several pustules (small, rounded protuberances) or small tubercles and is located a distance of approximately its own width behind the forward edge of the carapace. The dorsal (upper) surface has an open pattern of small pustules. This pattern is more complex in females. The free tergites (the rearmost segments) each have a row of strong tubercles. Pedipalps are larger in males than females. Colouring is typically in shades of brown, often with black markings. Algidia viridata and A. v. bicolor are exceptions as they are predominantly green.[3]
Geographic range
Forster's 1954 revision[3] recorded specimens from Auckland in the northern North Island to Fiordland in the lower South Island. More recent observations[6] have expanded the range to Northland and the Chatham Islands.
Phylogeny
Molecular studies using Sanger[7] and ultra conserved element[8][9] sequencing showed Algidia is part of a clade that includes the majority of New Zealand triaenonychid genera, as well as several genera from Australia , New Caledonia and South America. Algidia appears to have diverged from other genera during the Cretaceous[7] or early Tertiary period.[9] It is most closely related to Prasma and Triregia from New Zealand, and Diaenobunus and Triconobunus from New Caledonia.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hogg, Henry Roughton (1920). "3. Some Australian Opiliones". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 90 (1–2): 31–48. doi:10.1111/J.1469-7998.1920.TB07632.X. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54743294.
- ↑ Forster, Raymond Robert (1943-01-01). "The Genus Adaeum Karsch (= Algidia Hogg) in New Zealand, With Descriptions of New Species (Order Opiliones)." (in English). Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 73: 68–72. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89182725.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Forster, Raymond Robert (1954). "The New Zealand harvestmen (sub-order Laniatores)" (in English). Canterbury Museum Bulletin 2: 1–329. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118225133.
- ↑ Forster, Raymond Robert (1962-01-01). "A key to the New Zealand Harvestmen — part I". Tuatara 10 (3): 129–137. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121898505.
- ↑ Forster, Raymond Robert (1963-01-01). "A key to the New Zealand Harvestmen — part 2". Tuatara 11 (1): 28–40. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121898596.
- ↑ "iNaturalistNZ observations of Algidia". https://inaturalist.nz/observations?taxon_id=375413.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Baker, Caitlin M.; Sheridan, Kate; Derkarabetian, Shahan; Pérez Gonzales, Abel; Giribet, Gonzalo (2020). "Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the temperate Gondwanan family Triaenonychidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) reveals pre-Gondwanan regionalisation, common vicariance, and rare dispersal". Invertebrate Systematics 34 (6): 637–660. doi:10.1071/IS19069. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121278182.
- ↑ Derkarabetian, Shahan; Baker, Caitlin M.; Hedin, Marshal; Prieto, Carlos E.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2021-01-01). "Phylogenomic re-evaluation of Triaenonychoidea (Opiliones: Laniatores), and systematics of Triaenonychidae, including new families, genera and species". Invertebrate Systematics. doi:10.1071/IS20047. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110666617.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Derkarabetian, Shahan; Baker, Caitlin M.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2021-01-01). "Complex patterns of Gondwanan biogeography revealed in a dispersal-limited arachnid". Journal of Biogeography 48 (6): 1336–1352. doi:10.1111/jbi.14080. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121305536.
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