Biology:KLK4

Short description: Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KLK4 gene.

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. In particular, they may serve as biomarkers for both prostate cancer and breast cancer.

This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In some tissues its expression is hormonally regulated. The expression pattern of a similar mouse protein in murine developing teeth supports a role for the protein in the degradation of enamel proteins. Alternate splice variants for this gene have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined.

Further reading

• "The expanded human kallikrein (KLK) gene family: genomic organisation, tissue-specific expression and potential functions.". Biol. Chem. 382 (1): 5–14. 2001. doi:10.1515/BC.2001.002. PMID 11258672. http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:364944/UQ364944_OA.pdf. 
• "Purification, characterization, and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1.". J. Dent. Res. 77 (2): 377–86. 1998. doi:10.1177/00220345980770020601. PMID 9465170. 
• "Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (6): 3114–9. 1999. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.3114. PMID 10077646. Bibcode: 1999PNAS...96.3114N. 
• "Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related serine protease gene, KLK4, is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (33): 23210–4. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.33.23210. PMID 10438493. 
• "Prostase/KLK-L1 is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family, is expressed in prostate and breast tissues, and is hormonally regulated.". Cancer Res. 59 (17): 4252–6. 1999. PMID 10485467. 
• "Assignment of serine protease 17 (PRSS17) to human chromosome bands 19q13.3→q13.4 by in situ hybridization.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 86 (3–4): 212–3. 2000. doi:10.1159/000015340. PMID 10575207. 
• "Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes, their relationship to other serine proteases, and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors". Gene 251 (1): 1–8. 2000. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00203-1. PMID 10863090. 
• "Sequencing and expression analysis of the serine protease gene cluster located in chromosome 19q13 region". Gene 257 (1): 119–30. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00382-6. PMID 11054574. 
• "An alternatively spliced variant of KLK4 expressed in prostatic tissue". Clin. Biochem. 33 (7): 599–600. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0009-9120(00)00178-8. PMID 11124349. 
• "Activation of prostate-specific antigen precursor (pro-PSA) by prostin, a novel human prostatic serine protease identified by degenerate PCR". Biochemistry 40 (6): 1679–87. 2001. doi:10.1021/bi002129r. PMID 11327827. 
• "Distinctly different gene structure of KLK4/KLK-L1/prostase/ARM1 compared with other members of the kallikrein family: intracellular localization, alternative cDNA forms, and Regulation by multiple hormones". DNA Cell Biol. 20 (7): 435–45. 2001. doi:10.1089/104454901750361497. PMID 11506707. 
• "Characterization of hK4 (prostase), a prostate-specific serine protease: activation of the precursor of prostate specific antigen (pro-PSA) and single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator and degradation of prostatic acid phosphatase". Biochemistry 40 (50): 15341–8. 2002. doi:10.1021/bi015775e. PMID 11735417. 
• "Identification of naturally processed CD4 T cell epitopes from the prostate-specific antigen kallikrein 4 using peptide-based in vitro stimulation". J. Immunol. 169 (1): 557–65. 2002. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.557. PMID 12077288. 
• "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature 428 (6982): 529–35. 2004. doi:10.1038/nature02399. PMID 15057824. Bibcode: 2004Natur.428..529G. 
• "Kallikrein 4 is a predominantly nuclear protein and is overexpressed in prostate cancer". Cancer Res. 64 (7): 2365–70. 2004. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2025. PMID 15059887. 
• "Mutation in kallikrein 4 causes autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta". J. Med. Genet. 41 (7): 545–9. 2004. doi:10.1136/jmg.2003.017657. PMID 15235027. 
• "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
• "Kallikrein 4 (hK4) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are associated with the loss of E-cadherin and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like effect in prostate cancer cells". Endocr. Relat. Cancer 12 (3): 631–43. 2005. doi:10.1677/erc.1.00958. PMID 16172196. 

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.251