Biology:Scolopendridae

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Short description: Family of centipedes

Scolopendridae
Temporal range: 122.46–0 Ma
Early Cretaceous to present
Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-2291.JPG
Scolopendra cingulata
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Order: Scolopendromorpha
Family: Scolopendridae
Newport, 1844
Genera

See text.

Scolopendridae (or, in older documents, Scolopendridæ)[1] is a family of large centipedes (class Chilopoda).

Description

Nearly all species in this family have four ocelli (simple eyes) on each side of the head and only 21 pairs of legs, but there are exceptions: two scolopendrid species feature more legs (Scolopendropsis bahiensis, with 21 or 23 leg pairs,[2] and S. duplicata, with 39 or 43 leg pairs),[3] and some scolopendrid species are eyeless and blind (e.g., Cormocephalus sagmus, C. pyropygus, and C. delta).[4][5] Three Asian members of this family, Scolopendra cataracta, Scolopendra paradoxa, and Scolopendra alcyona, are known to show amphibious behaviour.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Two other species, Scolopendra hardwickei and Hemiscolopendra marginata, are known to show sexual dimorphism in the composition of their venom.[12][13]

Genera

Subfamily Otostigminae (Kraepelin, 1903)[14][15]

Tribe Otostigmini (Kraeplin, 1903)[16]

  • Alipes Imhoff, 1854
  • Alluropus Silvestri, 1911
  • Digitipes Attems, 1930
  • Edentistoma Tömösváry,1882
  • Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898
  • Otostigmus Porat, 1876
  • Rhysida Wood, 1862

Tribe Sterropristini (Verhoeff, 1937) [17][18]

  • Sterropristes Attems, 1934

Subfamily Scolopendrinae (Leach, 1814)[19][14]

  • Procrytops Piton, 1940
  • Psiloscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903
  • Rhoda Meinert, 1886 (= Pithopus)
  • Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758
  • Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841
  • Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992

The earliest record of this family is †Cratoraricrus, an extinct genus from the Early Cretaceous of the Crato Formation of Brazil .[20]

References

  1. ↑ The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 7. London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd. 1891. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81210. 
  2. ↑ Schileyko, Arkady A. (2006). "Redescription of Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841), the relations between Scolopendropsis and Rhoda, and notes on some characters used in scolopendromorph taxonomy (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha)". Arthropoda Selecta 15 (1): 9–17. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302908978. 
  3. ↑ Chagas-Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Minelli, Alessandro (2008-09-29). "Variability in trunk segmentation in the centipede order Scolopendromorpha: a remarkable new species of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) from Brazil". Zootaxa 1888 (1): 36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. 
  4. ↑ Jiang, Chao; Bai, Yunjun; Shi, Mengxuan; Liu, Juan (2020-12-05). "Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century" (in en). ZooKeys (932): 75–91. doi:10.3897/zookeys.932.51461. ISSN 1313-2970. PMID 32476974. PMC 7239954. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/51461/. 
  5. ↑ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Huey, Joel A.; Humphreys, William F.; Hillyer, Mia; Burger, Mieke A.; Volschenk, Erich S.; Waldock, Julianne M. (2019). "Blind scolopendrid centipedes of the genus Cormocephalus from subterranean habitats in Western Australia (Myriapoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)". Invertebrate Systematics 33 (6): 807–824. doi:10.1071/IS19015. ISSN 1445-5226. https://bioone.org/journals/invertebrate-systematics/volume-33/issue-6/IS19015/Blind-scolopendrid-centipedes-of-the-genus-Cormocephalus-from-subterranean-habitats/10.1071/IS19015.full. 
  6. ↑ Anderson, Natali (2021-04-22). "Scientists Discover New Amphibious Species of Centipede | Sci.News" (in en-US). https://www.sci.news/biology/scolopendra-alcyona-09582.html. 
  7. ↑ Holmes, O. (1 July 2016). "Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jul/01/giant-swimming-venomous-centipede-found-south-east-asia. 
  8. ↑ Bates, M. (26 June 2016). "'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered". National Geographic. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/amphibious-centipede-discovered-laos-scolopendra-cataracta-new-species/. 
  9. ↑ Gravely, F.H. ″Two new species of Scolopendridae″, Records of the Indian Museum, Volume 7, 1912, p. 415
  10. ↑ Siriwut, W.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Sutcharit, C.; Tongkerd, P.; Panha, S. (2016). "A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos". ZooKeys (590): 1–124. doi:10.3897/zookeys.590.7950. PMID 27408540. 
  11. ↑ "Centipede". https://www.vedantu.com/animal/centipede. 
  12. ↑ Undheim, Eivind & Richards, David & Ngum, Neville & Tooth, David & Kim, Dong-Hyun & Mellor, Ian. (2019). When sex matters: Dramatic sexual dimorphism in the venom and venom system of the centipede Scolopendra hardwickei. Toxicon. 158. S5. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.024.
  13. ↑ Nystrom, Gunnar S.; Ward, Micaiah J.; Ellsworth, Schyler A.; Rokyta, Darin R. (Nov 2019). "Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata)". Toxicon 169: 45–58. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.001. ISSN 1879-3150. PMID 31445069. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31445069/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Scolopendridae Leach 1814 - Encyclopedia of Life". https://eol.org/pages/6373. 
  15. ↑ "ITIS - Report: Otostigminae" (in en-US). https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1090733#null. 
  16. ↑ "Otostigmini Kraepelin 1903" (in en). https://www.gbif.org/species/177020729. 
  17. ↑ "Sterropristini Verhoeff 1937" (in en). https://www.gbif.org/species/177020740. 
  18. ↑ Muadsub, Sawitree; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Pimvichai, Piyatida; Enghoff, Henrik; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Panha, Somsak (2012-09-14). "Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)". Zootaxa 3484 (1): 35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3484.1.2. 
  19. ↑ "ITIS - Report: Scolopendrinae". https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1090734#null. 
  20. ↑ "Fossilworks: Cratoraricrus oberlii". http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=294429. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q1060764 entry

thumb ZAMN



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