Biology:Jatropha podagrica

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Short description: Plant in the family Euphorbiaceae

Jatropha podagrica
BASBotanicalGarden.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Jatropha
Species:
J. podagrica
Binomial name
Jatropha podagrica
Hook.[1]

Jatropha podagrica is a succulent plant in the family Euphorbiaceae.[2][3] It is native to the tropical Americas but is grown as an ornamental plant in many parts of the world due to its unusual appearance. Common names include Gout Plant, Gout Stalk, Guatemalan Rhubarb, Coral Plant, Buddha Belly Plant, Purging-Nut, Physic Nut, Goutystalk Nettlespurge, Australian Bottle Plant, and Tartogo.[4][5][6][7]

Description

J. podagrica is a caudiciform perennial herb growing up to 1 metre (3 feet) tall.[4][5][6] The grey-green, knobby, swollen caudex has a bottle-like appearance, giving rise to some of the common names. Leaves are held on long fleshy yet stout petioles which emerge from the tip of the stem and radiate in all directions. Leaves are peltate and 3 or 5 lobed. Dense clusters of small, orange-red, flowers are held above the leaves on long slim peduncles. The clusters carry both male and female flowers and flowering continues for most of the year.[4][5][8] Fruit are green capsules at first, becoming blackish-brown at maturity when they burst and scatter the seeds up to 4 metres (13 feet) away.[5][6]

When cut, the plant exudes a copious sticky sap which may cause dermatitis on contact.[8]

Cultivation

The swollen caudex, showy leaves, and colourful flowers make J. podagrica an attractive ornamental, and it is grown as an indoor plant in many parts of the world.

Uses

There are many uses of J. podagrica in folk medicine, including as an analgesic, tonic, aphrodisiac, purgative, laxative, and to treat infections, intestinal worms, snakebite, gout, and more.[4][5][6][9] Other uses include tanning, dye making, soap making, biofuel, fish poison, lamp lighting, and fertiliser.[4][5][6]

Additionally, a number of research projects have sought to identify medicinally useful compounds from J. podagrica.[10][11][12]

Toxicity

All parts of the plant are considered toxic, in particular the seeds. The main toxins are a purgative oil and a phytotoxin or toxalbumin (curcin) similar to ricin in Ricinis.[6][13]

Galleries

  • Jatropha podagrica

  • Buddha belly plant from Pondicherry

  • Flower of jatropha podagrica

  • Close-up of Jatropha podagrica

  • Fruit of Jatropha podagrica

  • Flower of Jatropha podagrica

  • Jatropha podagrica flowers leaves

  • Jatropha podagrica

  • Jatropha podagrica in Thailand

  • Jatropha podagrica Close up Flowers

References

  1. ↑ "Jatropha podagrica". https://www.ipni.org/n/350415-1. 
  2. ↑ "Jatropha podagrica Hook. — The Plant List". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-104848. 
  3. ↑ "Tropicos | Name - !Jatropha podagrica Hook.". http://www.tropicos.org/Name/12800226. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "Jatropha podagrica". http://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/Euphorbiaceae/22500/Jatropha_podagrica. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 "Gouty stem of Jatropha podagrica (Buddha Belly Plant) | John&Jacq~s Garden". https://www.jaycjayc.com/jatropha-podagrica-buddha-belly/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 "Buddha belly plant, Jatropha podagrica, Gout plant, Fo du shu : Philippine Medicinal Herbs / Alternative Medicine". http://www.stuartxchange.org/BuddhaBellyPlant. 
  7. ↑ "Jatropha podagrica - Australian Bottle Plant". http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Australian%20Bottle%20Plant.html. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Queensl, Children's Health (2017-07-18). "Guatemala rhubarb (Jatropha podagrica) | Children's Health Queensland" (in en-AU). https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/poisonous-plant-guatemala-rhubarb-jatropha-podagrica/. 
  9. ↑ "Jatropha podagrica in Flora of China @ efloras.org". http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242413466. 
  10. ↑ Bawm, Saw; Tiwananthagorn, Saruda; Lin, Kyaw San; Hirota, Junichi; Irie, Takao; Htun, Lat Lat; Maw, Ni Ni; Myaing, Tin Tin et al. (2010). "Evaluation of Myanmar Medicinal Plant Extracts for Antitrypanosomal and Cytotoxic Activities". Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub (4): 525–8. doi:10.1292/jvms.09-0508. PMID 20032625. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvms/advpub/0/advpub_09-0508/_article/-char/en. 
  11. ↑ Aiyelaagbe, O. O.; Adesogan, E. K.; Ekundayo, O.; Adeniyi, B. A. (2000). "The antimicrobial activity of roots of Jatropha podagrica (Hook)" (in en). Phytotherapy Research 14 (1): 60–62. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(200002)14:1<60::AID-PTR597>3.0.CO;2-B. ISSN 1099-1573. PMID 10641053. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-1573%28200002%2914%3A1%3C60%3A%3AAID-PTR597%3E3.0.CO%3B2-B. 
  12. ↑ Aiyelaagbe, Olapeju O.; Adesogan, Kayode; Ekundayo, Olusegun; Gloer, James B. (2008). "ChemInform Abstract: Antibacterial Diterpenoids from Jatropha podagrica Hook." (in en). ChemInform 39 (6). doi:10.1002/chin.200806166. ISSN 1522-2667. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/chin.200806166. 
  13. ↑ "Jatropha podagrica (PIM 647)". http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/plant/jpoc.htm. 

Wikidata ☰ Q5240151 entry



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