Biology:Holothuria cubana
| Holothuria cubana | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Holothuroidea |
| Order: | Holothuriida |
| Family: | Holothuriidae |
| Genus: | Holothuria |
| Species: | H. cubana
|
| Binomial name | |
| Holothuria cubana (Ludwig, 1875)
| |
Holothuria (Cystipus) cubana is a species of sea cucumber in the family Holothuriidae. This species was first described by Ludwig in 1875.[1]
Description
Holothuria cubana live at a depth of 0–7 meters[1] and grow to a length of 15 cm.[2] Individuals have a cylindrical body with a mouth and anus on opposite ends. Young individuals are soft and have a light coloration. Papillae begin to appear on the dorsal surface as the individual grows. They have suckered pedicels, which too increase in number as the animal grows. Adults take on a rougher texture and have dark gray bodies with brown spots and a white underside.[3]
Biology
Like some other sea cucumbers, the calcareous ossicles found in Holothuria cubana can serve as indicators for the animal's growth. The tentacles of small individuals are supported by thin, curved rods. In juveniles, these rods have distinctive perforated ends. These perforated rods shorten and are less frequently present in large specimens, which are instead covered in knob-like buttons.[3] Individuals have one gonad each and engage in external fertilization,[1] as most Holothurians partake in broadcast spawning.[4] Holothurians are known to sift through sediment to eat coral rubble, algae, microorganisms and detritus, and can filter water to find food.[5]
Ecology
Specimens have been found throughout the western central Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico,[6] and the Caribbean Sea.[7] They have been observed to position themselves under objects or sand, making them difficult to spot.[7] Commercial harvesting has led to declines and extinctions of sea cucumber species throughout the Indo-Pacific. Harvesting efforts have in turn increased in the Americas,[8] in places including Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.[7] Recovery can be slow for exploited Holothurian populations, and individuals can experience shrinkage after exposure to nutritional stress or environmental conditions.[4] Holothurians contribute to nutrient cycling in reef ecosystems as they eat bacteria, diatoms and detritus.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Holothuria Cubana". https://www.sealifebase.se/summary/Holothuria-cubana.html.
- ↑ "Holothuria (Cystipus) cubana Ludwig 1875 - Encyclopedia of Life". https://eol.org/pages/599520.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cutress, Bertha M. (January 1996). "Changes in Dermal Ossicles During Somatic Growth in Caribbean Littoral Sea Cucumbers (Echinoidea: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida)". Bulletin of Marine Science 58: 44–116. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1996/00000058/00000001/art00004#.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Uthicke, S.; Welch, D.; Benzie, J. A. H (October 2004). "Slow Growth and Lack of Recovery in Overfished Holothurians on the Great Barrier Reef: Evidence from DNA Fingerprints and Repeated Large-Scale Surveys". Conservation Biology 18 (5): 1395–1404. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00309.x. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3589007.pdf.
- ↑ Robinson, Georgina; Slater, Matthew J.; Jones, Clifford L. W.; Stead, Selina M. (2013-05-10). "Role of sand as substrate and dietary component for juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria scabra" (in en). Aquaculture 392-395: 23–25. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.036. ISSN 0044-8486. http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28666/1/Robinson-etal-Aquaculture-2013.pdf.
- ↑ Pawson, David L.; Vance, Doris J.; Messing, Charles G.; Solis-Marin, Francisco A.; Mah, Christopher L. (2009). "Enchinodermata of the Gulf of Mexico". Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota 1: 1177–1204. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286667729.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Rutherford, Mike G.; Charran, Mark N. S. (2012-12-31). "New Locality Records for the Holothurians Parathyone suspecta and Holothuria cubana in Trinidad, West Indies" (in en). Living World, Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club. ISSN 1029-3299. http://ttfnc.org/livingworld/index.php/lwj/article/view/rutherford2012b.
- ↑ Laboy-Nieves, Eddie N.; Conde, Jesús E. (July 2006). "A new approach for measuring Holothuria mexicana and Isostichopus badionotus for stock assessments". SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin 24: 39–44. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242678338.
Wikidata ☰ Q2491366 entry
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