Biology:Compositrema
| Compositrema | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Compositrema Rivas Plata, Lücking & Lumbsch (2012) |
| Type species | |
| Compositrema cerebriforme J.E.Hern. & Lücking (2012)
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| Species | |
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C. borinquense | |
Compositrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae.[1] It has four species.[2] The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with C. cerebriforme assigned as the type species. The genus is distinguished by its unique, composite [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] ascomata (i.e., fruiting bodies with a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] made of both thallus tissue and bits of host tissue), which sets it apart from the otherwise similar genus Stegobolus.
Taxonomy
The genus Compositrema was circumscribed in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, Robert Lücking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch. The type species, Compositrema cerebriforme, was jointly described by Jesús Ernesto Hernández Maldonado and Lücking. The name of the genus makes reference to its "composite" [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|pseudostromatic]] ascomata, a feature that starkly distinguishes it from the genus Stegobolus. The ending -trema is derived from the Latinised Greek neuter noun meaning "perforation; aperture; opening; orifice".[3] Phylogenetically, Compositrema is closely akin to Stegobolus but is genetically quite distant, forming a strongly supported clade that is a distant relative of the Myriotrema album group.[4] Compositrema is in the tribe Ocellularieae of the subfamily Graphidoideae in the Graphidaceae.[5] Two species were initially included in this genus,[4] and two others added in 2014.[6]
Description
Compositrema lichens have a pale green-grey to olive-green thallus that is smooth to uneven, with a dense [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] that has a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] tissue structure. Sometimes, isidia are present on these lichens. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] contains scattered clusters of calcium oxalate crystals among its cells. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], or the reproductive parts of the lichen, are grouped into distinct pseudostromata, which are rounded to angular and can be either [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] or sessile. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-like part of these pseudostromata is pale brown and dusted with a thin white [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. On a more microscopic level, Compositrema lichens have unbranched [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], and each ascus contains eight [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] that are ellipsoid in shape with thick septa and lens-shaped [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. These ascospores range from colourless to pale brown and react with iodine to give a violet-blue colour. Psoromic acid is a secondary metabolite (lichen product) that occurs in Compositrema.[4]
Species
- Compositrema borinquense Merc.-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (2014) – Puerto Rico[6]
- Compositrema cerebriforme J.E.Hern. & Lücking (2012) – Venezuela[4]
- Compositrema isidiofarinosum Merc.-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (2014) – Puerto Rico[6]
- Compositrema thailandicum Rivas Plata, Papong & Lumbsch (2012) – Thailand[4]
References
- ↑ "Compositrema". Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/62N7X.
- ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332.
- ↑ Pennycook, Shaun R. (2022). "Gender of fungal generic names ending in –trema". Mycotaxon 137 (3): 545–554. doi:10.5248/137.545.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Rivas Plata, Eimy; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2012). "Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Ocellularia clade (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae)". Taxon 61 (6): 1161–1179. doi:10.1002/tax.616001.
- ↑ Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Parnmen, Sittiporn; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Papong, Khwanruan Butsatorn; Lücking, Robert (2014). "High frequency of character transformations is phylogenetically structured within the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Systematics and Biodiversity 12 (3): 271–291. doi:10.1080/14772000.2014.905506. https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/High_frequency_of_character_transformations_is_phylogenetically_structured_within_the_lichenized_fungal_family_Graphidaceae_Ascomycota_Ostropales_/1004987.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.; Lücking, Robert; Parnmen, Sittiporn (2014). "Two new genera and twelve new species of Graphidaceae from Puerto Rico: a case for higher endemism of lichenized fungi in islands of the Caribbean?". Phytotaxa 189 (1): 186–203. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.14.
Wikidata ☰ Q101751501 entry
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