Biology:Salix caspica
| Salix caspica | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Salicaceae |
| Genus: | Salix |
| Species: | S. caspica
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| Binomial name | |
| Salix caspica Pall.[1]
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Salix caspica is a plant from the willow genus (Salix) within the willow family (Salicaceae). The natural range extends from eastern European Russia to far western China .
Taxonomy
Salix caspica is a species from the section Helix in the genus of willows (Salix) within the willow family (Salicaceae).[3][4] It was first published in 1788 by Peter Simon Pallas.[1][5] The specific epithet 'caspica' refers to the distribution area along the Caspian Sea.[6]
The holotype was collected in the Ryn Desert and is housed in the Komarov Botanical Institute in St. Petersburg.[7]
It forms the natural hybrid S. × turgaiskensis E.L.Wolf with S. rosmarinifolia in Kazakhstan.[1][8] It also hybridises with S. siberica, S. tenuijulis and S. viminalis sensu lato.[7]
Infraspecific variation
- Salix caspica f. longifolia was described by Nils Johan Andersson in the Prodromus, it has leaves up to 12 cm in length and 0.4 to 0.6 cm broad.[7]
- Salix caspica f. pruinosa is another form described by Andersson. It is very rare. It has dark purple branches covered in a thick pruinose (waxy) bloom.[7]
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Salix caspica is a large shrub with a height of up to 5 meters. The bark is gray. The bark of the relatively thin branches is yellowish and shiny. The buds are about 5 millimeters long and pointed.[5]
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 5 millimeters long and glabrous. With a length of 5 to 8 centimeters and a width of 4 to 5 centimeters, the simple leaf blade is linear-lanceolate or linear with a wedge-shaped base, long, pointed and entire. Both sides of the leaf are the same color, initially slightly tomentose and later glabrous. The caducous stipules are linear.[5]
The number of chromosomes is 2n=38.[9]
Generative characteristics
The inflorescences are long, cylindrical, almost subsessile, terete, densely flowered catkins with deciduous, scale-like leaflets at the base. The inflorescence rachis is tomentose-hairy. The bracts are brownish, pilose-hairy with a blunt tip. Male flowers have two stamens, with their filaments fused to each other and downy-haired at the base, and with yellow anthers. Female flowers have a ovoid-conical, densely tomentose, subsessile ovary. The style is very short, the stigma is capitulate. The fruit is a brownish, pubescent capsule.[5]
Distribution
The natural range extends from the eastern European Russia in the northern Caucausus, Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District,[2] eastwards to Kazakhstan,[2][5] Turkmenistan,[2] and Iran, extending to Dauria, Mongolia[7] and the western part of the Chinese province of Xinjiang.[5]
Ecology
It grows in open forests along rivers in China,[5] elsewhere it grows along rivers in deserts and steppes in loose sandy soil or sand dunes with a high water table, and in mountain valleys up to 2,000 metres in altitude. It is also typically found in blow outs. It requires much light to grow.[7]
Salix caspica blooms before the leaves appear, in Xinjiang from April to May. The fruits ripen in Xinjiang in June.[5] In Russia it also flowers in May and fruits in June.[7]
Uses
Salix caspica is planted to stabilize slopes and sandy soils. Baskets and other wicker articles are woven from the branches.[5] It is considered an excellent species for this purpose, growing straight, thin, pliable stems to 2m or longer in a season. It was also grown as an ornamental plant in the Soviet Union.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Salix caspica". The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. https://www.ipni.org/n/777274-1.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Salix caspica Pall.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/777274-1.
- ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Salix caspica | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2012-09-19 }}
- ↑ Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao, Alexei K. Skvortsov (1999): Salix Sect. Helix, in the Flora of China, Volume 4, P. 267. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis ISBN:0-915279-70-3
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao, Alexei K. Skvortsov (1999): Salix caspica, in the Flora of China, Volume 4, P. 272. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis ISBN:0-915279-70-3
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 3., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN:3-937872-16-7, P. 99 (Nachdruck von 1996).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Nazarov, M. I. (1970). Komarov, Vladimir Leontyevich. ed. Flora of the U.S.S.R.. 5. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations. pp. 123–124. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30156152.
- ↑ "Salix × turgaiskensis". The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. https://www.ipni.org/n/779079-1.
- ↑ "Salix caspica". Missouri Botanical Garden. http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/28300675?projectid=.
Wikidata ☰ Q293297 entry
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