Biology:Quercus acutissima
| Sawtooth oak | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Cerris |
| Section: | Quercus sect. Cerris |
| Species: | Q. acutissima
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| Binomial name | |
| Quercus acutissima Carruth.
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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List
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Quercus acutissima, the sawtooth oak, is an Asian species of oak native to China , Tibet, Korea, Japan , Indochina (Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia) and the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India).[3] It is widely planted in many lands and has become naturalized in parts of North America.[4]
Quercus acutissima is closely related to the Turkey oak, classified with it in Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterized by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that mature in about 18 months.[3]
Description
Quercus acutissima is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 25–30 metres (82–98 feet) tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter. The bark is dark gray and deeply furrowed. The leaves are 8–20 centimetres (3 1⁄4–7 3⁄4 inches) long and 3–6 cm (1 1⁄4–2 1⁄4 in) wide, with 14–20 small saw-tooth-like triangular lobes on each side, with the teeth of very regular shape.[3]
The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins. The fruit is an acorn, maturing about 18 months after pollination, 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1 1⁄4 in) long and 2 cm broad, bi-coloured with an orange basal half grading to a green-brown tip; the acorn cap is 1.5–2 cm (5⁄8–3⁄4 in) deep, densely covered in soft 4–8 millimetres (3⁄16–5⁄16 in) long 'mossy' bristles. It is closely related to Quercus cerris, classified with it in Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterized by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that mature in about 18 months.[3]
Ecology
The acorns are very bitter, but are eaten by jays and pigeons; squirrels usually only eat them when other food sources have run out. The sap of the tree can leak out of the trunk. Beetles, stag beetles, butterflies, and Vespa mandarinia gather to reach this sap.
Uses
Sawtooth oak is widely planted in eastern North America and is naturalized in scattered locations;[4] it is also occasionally planted in Europe but has not naturalized there. Most planting in North America was carried out for wildlife food provision, as the species tends to bear heavier crops of acorns than other native American oak species; however, the bitterness of the acorns makes it less suitable for this purpose, and sawtooth oak is becoming a problematic invasive species in some areas and states, such as Louisiana.[5] Sawtooth oak trees also grow at a faster rate which helps it compete against native trees. The wood has many of the characteristics of other oaks, but is very prone to crack and split and hence is relegated to such uses as fencing.[6]
Charcoal made using this wood is used especially for the braziers for heating water for the Japanese tea ceremony.
References
- ↑ Carrero, C. (2019). "Quercus acutissima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/194048/2295121. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
- ↑ "Quercus acutissima Carruth.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew). http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-171430.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Huang, Chengjiu; Zhang, Yongtian; Bartholomew, Bruce, "Quercus acutissima", Flora of China, 4, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006284
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Quercus acutissima", County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) (Biota of North America Program (BONAP)), 2014, http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Quercus%20acutissima.png
- ↑ "BONAP's Query Page". http://bonap.net/tdc.
- ↑ Gilman, Edward F.; Watson, Dennis G. (October 1994). "Fact Sheet ST-540 Quercus acutissima Sawtooth Oak". United States Department of Agriculture National Forest Service. http://hort.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/queacub.pdf.
External links
- photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Kentucky, USA, in 2007
- line drawing, Flora of China Illustrations vol. 4, fig. 359, 1
Wikidata ☰ Q1034859 entry
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