Biology:Outline of Newfoundland and Labrador

Short description: Overview of and topical guide to Newfoundland and Labrador

Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador

Coat of arms of Newfoundland and Labrador

Location of Newfoundland and Labrador

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Newfoundland and Labrador.

Newfoundland and Labrador – the most easterly province of Canada . It comprises the island of Newfoundland, mainland Labrador, and over 7,000 small islands. It is Canada's ninth-most populous province or territory and tenth-largest in total area. A former colony and dominion of the United Kingdom, Newfoundland gave up its independence in 1933 and became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation in 1949. Its name was officially changed to Newfoundland and Labrador in 2001.

General reference

An enlargable map of Newfoundland and Labrador

Pronunciation: locally /ˌnjuːfənˈlænd ... ˈlæbrədɔːr/ Template:Respelling
Official English name: Newfoundland and Labrador
Official French name: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
Other names:
- Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar in Newfoundland Irish
- Ikkarumikluak ("place of many shoals" for Newfoundland) and Nunatsuak ("the big land" for Labrador) in Inuttitut
- Taqamkuk (Newfoundland) in Mi'kmaq
Nicknames:
- Labrador: The Big Land
- Newfoundland: The Rock
Common endonym(s):
Official endonym(s):
Adjectival(s): Newfoundland and Labrador
Demonym(s): Newfoundlander, Labradorian, Newfoundlanders and Labradorians, Newfie (colloquial, may be derisive)
Telephone area code 709

Geography

A relief map of Newfoundland and Labrador

Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland and Labrador is: a province of Canada.
Canada is: a country
Population of Newfoundland and Labrador: 526,702 (2016 Statistics Canada)^[1]
Area of Newfoundland and Labrador: 405,212 km² (156,500 sq mi)
- 92.3% land
- 7.7% water
Atlas of Newfoundland and Labrador

Location

Newfoundland and Labrador is situated within the following regions:
- Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere
  - Americas
    - North America
      - Northern America
        Laurentia
        Canada
        Eastern Canada
        Canadian Shield
        Labrador Peninsula
        
        Appalachian Mountains
        Island of Newfoundland
Time zones (see also Time in Canada):
- Newfoundland Time Zone (UTC−03.5) officially; Atlantic Time (UTC−04) commonly used for Labrador
  - Daylight saving time (DST) observed from the 2nd Sunday in March to the 1st Sunday in November
Extreme points of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Highest point of Newfoundland and Labrador

Environment

Köppen climate map of Newfoundland and Labrador

Sir Richard Squires Memorial Provincial Park

Torngat Mountains National Park

Witless Bay Ecological Reserve

Bishop's Mitre

Environment of Canada

Climate of Newfoundland and Labrador
Ecology of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Ecozones:
  - Marine ecozones:
    - Atlantic Marine Ecozone (south coast of Newfoundland)
    - Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecozone (coastal Labrador and north coast of Newfoundland)
  - Terrestrial ecozones:
    - Arctic Cordillera (northeastern Labrador Peninsula)
    - Boreal Shield Ecozone (western interior of Newfoundland)
      - Newfoundland Highland forests
    - Taiga Shield Ecozone (most of Labrador)
Geology of Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of dateable fossil discoveries in Newfoundland and Labrador
Protected areas of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Wilderness and Ecological Reserves
- National parks in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - List of National Parks of Canada § Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of designated places in Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of historic places in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - List of historic places in Labrador
- List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Newfoundland and Labrador (46)
- Provincial parks of Newfoundland and Labrador
Wildlife of Canada in Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of flora of Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of fauna of Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Birds of Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Mammals of Newfoundland

Natural geographic features

Fjords of Newfoundland and Labrador
Peninsulas of Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
List of islands of Newfoundland and Labrador
Lakes of Newfoundland and Labrador
List of dams and reservoirs in Newfoundland and Labrador
Rivers of Newfoundland and Labrador
Waterfalls of Newfoundland and Labrador
Mountains of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Volcanoes in Newfoundland and Labrador

Heritage sites

Gros Morne National Park

World Heritage Sites in Newfoundland and Labrador (4)
- L'Anse aux Meadows
- Gros Morne National Park
- Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve
- Red Bay Basque Whaling Station
National Historic Sites in Newfoundland and Labrador

Regions

Labrador
- Central Labrador
- Western Labrador
- Nunatsiavut (the north coast region)
- Nunatukavut (the south coast region)
Island of Newfoundland
- South coast
  - Avalon Peninsula
  - Burin Peninsula
  - Bonavista Peninsula
- Northeast coast
  - Great Northern Peninsula
- West coast
  - Bay of Islands
  - Bay St. George
  - Bay St. George South
  - Port au Port Peninsula

Administrative divisions

Census divisions of Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of census agglomerations in Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of census divisions of Newfoundland and Labrador
List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of Newfoundland and Labrador communities by population
- Newfoundland outports
List of ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador
List of municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador
List of Newfoundland and Labrador federal electoral districts
- Avalon
- Bonavista–Burin–Trinity
- Coast of Bays–Central–Notre Dame
- Labrador
- Long Range Mountains
- St. John's East
- St. John's South–Mount Pearl
List of Newfoundland and Labrador provincial electoral districts
- Baie Verte–Green Bay
- Bonavista
- Burgeo–La Poile
- Burin–Grand Bank
- Cape St. Francis
- Carbonear–Trinity–Bay de Verde
- Cartwright–L'Anse au Clair
- Conception Bay East–Bell Island
- Conception Bay South
- Corner Brook
- Exploits
- Ferryland
- Fogo Island–Cape Freels
- Fortune Bay–Cape La Hune
- Gander
- Grand Falls–Windsor–Buchans
- Harbour Grace–Port de Grave
- Harbour Main
- Humber–Bay of Islands
- Humber–Gros Morne
- Labrador West
- Lake Melville
- Lewisporte–Twillingate
- Mount Pearl North
- Mount Pearl–Southlands
- Mount Scio
- Placentia–St. Mary's
- Placentia West–Bellevue
- St. Barbe–L'Anse aux Meadows
- St. George's–Humber
- St. John's Centre
- St. John's East–Quidi Vidi
- St. John's West
- Stephenville–Port au Port
- Terra Nova
- Topsail–Paradise
- Torngat Mountains
- Virginia Waters–Pleasantville
- Waterford Valley
- Windsor Lake
List of population centres in Newfoundland and Labrador

Indian reserves

List of Indian reserves in Newfoundland and Labrador

Municipalities

List of municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador

Population centres in Newfoundland and Labrador
Municipalities by type
- Cities of Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Capital of Newfoundland and Labrador: St. John's
  - Corner Brook
  - Mount Pearl
- Towns in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Villages in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Communities in Newfoundland and Labrador

Demography

Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador

List of population centres in Newfoundland and Labrador
Population compared to other provinces

Government and politics

The Confederation Building

Politics of Newfoundland and Labrador

Form of government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Capital of Newfoundland and Labrador: St. John's
Elections in Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of Newfoundland and Labrador general elections
- List of Newfoundland and Labrador by-elections
Political parties in Newfoundland and Labrador

Government branches

Government of Newfoundland and Labrador

Executive branch

Head of state: Queen in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador, Queen of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II
- Head of state's representative (Viceroy): Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, Frank Fagan
  - Previous lieutenant governors
  - Head of government: Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, Dwight Ball
    - Previous premiers
      - Premiers of Newfoundland and Labrador by time in office
    - Cabinet: Executive Council of Newfoundland and Labrador
      - Head of council: Lieutenant Governor in Council, as representative of the Queen in Right of Newfoundland and Labrador
    - Departments of the Newfoundland and Labrador government
      - Department of Advanced Education and Skills
      - Department of Child, Youth and Family Services
      - Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Environment and Conservation (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Finance (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Health and Community Services (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Innovation, Business and Rural Development
      - Department of Justice and Public Safety (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Labrador and Aboriginal Affairs (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Natural Resources
        Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador
      - Department of Municipal and Intergovernmental Affairs (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Seniors, Wellness and Social Development (Newfoundland and Labrador)
      - Department of Services NL
      - Department of Transportation and Works (Newfoundland and Labrador)

Legislative branch

Parliament of Newfoundland and Labrador (unicameral): Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
- Speaker of the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador: vacant
- Leader of the Opposition (Newfoundland and Labrador): Ches Crosby
- Confederation Building (Newfoundland and Labrador)
- 48th General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador, Trial Division entrance

Federal Courts of Canada
- Supreme Court of Canada
- Federal Court of Appeal
- Tax Court of Canada
Canadian court of appeal: Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal
Superior court: Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Court of Appeal)
Provincial Court: Court of Newfoundland and Labrador
- The Civil Division
- The Criminal and Penal Division
- The Youth Division
Military court: Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada

Regional relations

Atlantic Provinces Economic Council
proposed Atlantic Union

International relations

Ireland Newfoundland Partnership

Law and order

Law of Newfoundland and Labrador

Bar of Newfoundland and Labrador – the provincial law society for lawyers in Newfoundland and Labrador
Capital punishment: none.
- Newfoundland and Labrador, as with all of Canada, does not have capital punishment.
- Canada eliminated the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976.
Constitution of Newfoundland and Labrador
Criminal justice system of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Organized crime in Newfoundland and Labrador
Human rights in Newfoundland and Labrador
- LGBT rights in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Same-sex marriage in Newfoundland and Labrador
Law enforcement
- Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (urban areas such as St. John's, Corner brook and Labrador West)
- Local municipal police forces (where such exist)
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police (contracted to patrol the rest of the province)
Correctional services in Newfoundland and Labrador

Military

Canadian Forces (Being a part of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador does not have its own military.)

Canadian Forces bases in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)

Local government

Local government in Newfoundland and Labrador

List of mayors of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

History

Cabot Tower in St. John's

History of Newfoundland and Labrador

History, by period

History, by region

Labrador § History
Newfoundland (island)#History
- Province of Avalon § History
- St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador#History

History, by subject

L'Anse aux Meadows on Newfoundland, site of a Norse colony

Abandoned colonies
- L'Anse aux Meadows, possibly Leifsbudir, c.1000
- South Falkland, f.1623
Economic history of Newfoundland and Labrador
- History of Fisheries of Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery
  - Turbot War
  - Migratory Fishery of Labrador
  - History of Basque whaling § Newfoundland and Labrador
- History of the petroleum industry in Canada (frontier exploration and development)
- Battle of Placentia (1692)
- Newfoundland Campaign (1744)

Culture

Heritage buildings on Duckworth Street, St. John's

The Rooms cultural facility

- Architecture of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
  - List of buildings in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
  - List of tallest buildings in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
- Newfoundland Screech
Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Media in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Museums in Newfoundland and Labrador
Order of precedence in Newfoundland and Labrador
- English Canadians#Newfoundland (and Labrador)
- Irish Newfoundlanders
- Franco-Newfoundlanders
- NunatuKavut people
- Mushuau Innu First Nation
- Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nation Band
Prostitution in Newfoundland and Labrador
Public holidays in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Memorial Day (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Public libraries in Newfoundland and Labrador
Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador
Regional culture in Newfoundland and Labrador (culture by region)
- (list)
Scouting and Guiding in Newfoundland and Labrador
Languages
- Newfoundland English
- Newfoundland Irish and Irish language in Newfoundland
- Newfoundland French

Art

Art of Newfoundland and Labrador
Dance of Newfoundland and Labrador
Humour of Newfoundland and Labrador
Literature of Newfoundland and Labrador
Music of Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of musicians from Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of television stations in Newfoundland and Labrador
Theatre in Newfoundland and Labrador

Religion

As of 2011, Christians (shown in blue) made up approximately 93% of the population of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Religion in Newfoundland and Labrador – largely Protestant, with non-Christian religions making up less than half a percent of the population^[2]

Christianity in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Anglicanism in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Diocese of Central Newfoundland
  - Diocese of Eastern Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Diocese of Western Newfoundland
- Roman Catholicism in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. John's, Newfoundland
  - Roman Catholic Diocese of Corner Brook and Labrador
  - Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Falls
Irreligion in Canada
Islam in Canada
- Masjid-an-Noor, Newfoundland
Hinduism in Canada
- St. John's Hindu Temple
Judaism in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Beth El Synagogue, Newfoundland
Buddhism in Canada
Sikhism in Canada

Sports

Sports in Newfoundland and Labrador

Curling in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Curling clubs in Newfoundland and Labrador
Ice hockey in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Hockey Newfoundland and Labrador
- Ice hockey teams in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Ice hockey venues in Newfoundland and Labrador (category)
Rugby in Newfoundland and Labrador
Cricket in Newfoundland and Labrador
Association football in Newfoundland and Labrador
Gaelic games in Newfoundland and Labrador

Symbols

Sarracenia purpurea, pitcher plant

Symbols of Newfoundland and Labrador

Coat of arms of Newfoundland and Labrador
Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador
Great Seal of Newfoundland and Labrador
Provincial flower: pitcher plant
Provincial bird: Atlantic puffin
Provincial tree: black spruce
Provincial animal: caribou
Provincial mineral: Labradorite
Provincial motto: Quaerite prime regnum Dei (Latin) – "Seek ye first the kingdom of God" (Matthew 6:33)
Provincial anthem: "Ode to Newfoundland"
Provincial capital: St. John's

Economy and infrastructure

Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador

Economic rank (by nominal GDP) – This ranking shows only the Rank of Canada, the country in which is located Newfoundland and Labrador
Agriculture in Newfoundland and Labrador
Fishing industry in Canada
- Cod fishing in Newfoundland
- Grand Banks
Hunting in Newfoundland
- Seal hunting
Forestry in Newfoundland and Labrador
Banking in Newfoundland and Labrador
Telecommunications in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Internet in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Radio stations in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland
- Television stations in Newfoundland and Labrador
Currency of Newfoundland and Labrador – as a province, Newfoundland and Labrador uses the currency of Canada.
- Environmental and energy policy of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Electricity sector in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Electrical generating stations in Newfoundland and Labrador
    - Hydroelectric generating stations in Newfoundland and Labrador
    - Wind farms in Newfoundland and Labrador
    - Biomass and fossil fuel power stations in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Hydroelectricity in Canada § Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
- Oil industry in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Oil fields: Hebron-Ben Nevis, Hibernia, Terra Nova, and White Rose
Health care in Newfoundland and Labrador
- List of hospitals in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Health and Community Services Western Region
- Emergency medical services in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Central Mineral Belt, Labrador
Tourism in Canada § Newfoundland and Labrador
Water supply and sanitation in Newfoundland and Labrador
Research & Development Corporation Newfoundland and Labrador

Transport

King's Cove Head lighthouse in King's Cove

Air transport in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Airlines of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Airports in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Newfoundland Railway (defunct)
- Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway
- Western Labrador Rail Services
Road transport in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Vehicle registration plates of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Roads in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Highways in Newfoundland and Labrador
    - Newfoundland and Labrador Route 1 – Trans-Canada Highway
    - Trans-Labrador Highway
- List of lighthouses in Newfoundland and Labrador

Education

Primary education in Newfoundland and Labrador
- School districts in Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Eastern School District of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Grade school in Newfoundland and Labrador
- High school in Newfoundland and Labrador
Higher education in Newfoundland and Labrador
- Public colleges in Newfoundland and Labrador
Museums in Newfoundland and Labrador

Largest cities

Largest cities or towns in Newfoundland and Labrador Statistics Canada^[1]
	Rank		Census division	Pop.
St. John's	1	St. John's	1	108,860	Paradise
	2	Conception Bay South	1	26,199
	3	Mount Pearl	1	22,957
	4	Paradise	1	21,389
	5	Corner Brook	5	19,806
	6	Grand Falls-Windsor	6	14,171
	7	Gander	6	11,688
	8	Portugal Cove-St.Philip's	1	8,147
	9	Happy Valley-Goose Bay	10	8,109
	10	Torbay	1	7,899

References

External links

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline of Newfoundland and Labrador. Read more

[StatsCan2016-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Newfoundland and Labrador)". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&PR=10&S=86&O=A&RPP=25.

[2] "Other religions". http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Help/Metadata/Definition.cfm?Lang=E&LineID=10511.

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