Biology:Gene pyramiding

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Gene pyramiding is the simultaneous selection for and/or introduction of multiple genes during plant breeding.[T 1]​ Objectives of gene pyramiding includes 1) enhancing trait performance by combining two or more complementary genes, 2) remedying deficits by introgressing genes from other sources, 3) increasing the durability.[citation needed] For example, pyramiding has been successfully demonstrated in Oryza sativa for rice blast, producing durable multi-race resistance simultaneously.[1] Pyramiding and Marker Assisted Selection can be combined as Marker-Assisted Pyramiding.[2] Gene stacking can be achieved a few different ways, and pyramiding is one of those methods.[T 2]​

References

  1. ↑ Fukuoka, Shuichi; Saka, Norikuni; Mizukami, Yuko; Koga, Hironori; Yamanouchi, Utako; Yoshioka, Yosuke; Hayashi, Nagao; Ebana, Kaworu et al. (2015-01-14). "Gene pyramiding enhances durable blast disease resistance in rice". Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 5 (1): 7773. doi:10.1038/srep07773. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 25586962. Bibcode: 2015NatSR...5E7773F. 
  2. ↑ Servin, Bertrand; Martin, Olivier C.; Mézard, Marc; Hospital, Frédéric (2004). "Toward a Theory of Marker-Assisted Gene Pyramiding". Genetics (Oxford University Press (OUP)) 168 (1): 513–523. doi:10.1534/genetics.103.023358. ISSN 0016-6731. PMID 15454561. 
  • Taverniers, Isabel; Papazova, Nina; Bertheau, Yves; De Loose, Marc; Holst-Jensen, Arne (2008). "Gene stacking in transgenic plants: towards compliance between definitions, terminology, and detection within the EU regulatory framework". Environmental Biosafety Research (EDP Sciences) 7 (4): 197–218. doi:10.1051/ebr:2008018. ISSN 1635-7922. PMID 19081008. 
  1. ↑ p. 197, "The term gene pyramiding is used in agricultural research to describe a breeding approach to achieve pest control and higher crop yield. It is essentially a way of identifying and introducing multiple genes, which each impart resistance to an independent insect/microbial pest/weed etc., or impart resistance to a single pest through independent host pathways."
  2. ↑ p. 199, "Independent of modern biotechnology, “stacking” traditionally refers to the natural addition of different plant properties by genetic crossing. Modern biotechnology has broadened the options for stacking to include more taxonomically diverse sources, a wider selection of genes and regulatory elements, and consequently of traits."



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