Chemistry:Parkland formula
The Parkland formula, also known as Baxter formula, is a burn formula developed by Charles R. Baxter, used to estimate the amount of replacement fluid required for the first 24 hours in a burn patient so as to ensure the patient is hemodynamically stable.[1][2][3] The milliliter amount of fluid required for the first 24 hours – usually Lactated Ringer's – is four times the product of the body weight and the burn percentage (i.e. body surface area affected by burns).[4] The first half of the fluid is given within 8 hours from the burn incident, and the remaining over the next 16 hours. Only area covered by second-degree burns or greater is taken into consideration, as first-degree burns do not cause hemodynamically significant fluid shift to warrant fluid replacement.[5] The Parkland formula is mathematically expressed as:[4]
- [math]\displaystyle{ V = 4 \cdot m \cdot (A \cdot 100) }[/math]
where mass (m) is in kilograms (kg), area (A) as a percentage of total body surface area, and volume (V) is in milliliters (mL). For example, a person weighing 75 kg with burns to 20% of his or her body surface area would require 4 x 75 x 20 = 6,000 mL of fluid replacement within 24 hours. The first half of this amount is delivered within 8 hours from the burn incident, and the remaining fluid is delivered in the next 16 hours.[6]
The burn percentage in adults can be estimated by applying the Wallace rule of nines (see total body surface area): 9% for each arm, 18% for each leg, 18% for the front of the torso, 18% for the back of the torso, and 9% for the head and 1% for the perineum.[7]
See also
- Charles R. Baxter
- Parkland Memorial Hospital
References
- ↑ Brunicardi, F. Charles (2014) (in English). Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 1 (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. p. 230. ISBN 978-0-07-180092-1.
- ↑ Mitchell, Katrina (1 Aug 2014). "New management strategy for fluid resuscitation: Quantifying volume in the first 48 hours after burn injury". J Burn Care Res 34 (1): 196–202. doi:10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182700965. PMID 23292589.
- ↑ "Surgical Treatment of Burns : Treatment and management". MedScape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/934173-treatment. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sunny, Joseph. "Parkland formula". MedSoft. http://www.josephsunny.com/medsoft/parkland.html. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ "Surgical Treatment of Burns Treatment & Management". May 15, 2014. http://reference.medscape.com/article/934173-treatment. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
- ↑ "Parkland's formula for emergency fluid management". Emergency Medicine. http://kallus.com/er/calculations/parkland.htm. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ "MD+Calc: Parkland Formula for Burns". http://www.mdcalc.com/parkland-formula-for-burns. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
Further reading
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