Religion:Al-hurra
Al-hurra or al hurra (Arabic: حُرَّة)[1][2] was an Arabic title historically often given to, or used to refer to, women who exercised power or had a position of power or high status.
In a harem, the title al-hurra was often used to refer to a legal wife of aristocratic birth, to distinguish her status from that of the concubine bought at the slave market, who was referred to as jarya,[3] and used to describe a Muslim aristocratic woman who was "free" in the sense that she was not a slave;[3] it is related to the style Sayyida (Mistress or lady), the feminine word of sayyid (Master or Lord).[3] However, while the title Al-hurra was given to women as an alternative to the titles malika (Queen), Sultana (female sultan) and Sitt, (Lady), there was no exact male equivalent to the title of al-hurra.[3]
The title Al-hurra was often granted to women who wielded political power, but did not necessarily mean they were sovereigns: Alam al-Malika and Sayyida al Hurra, for example, bore this title. Both had political offices; not as sovereigns, but as political adviser and governor respectively.[3]
Noted title holders
- Asma bint Shihab
- Arwa al-Sulayhi
- Alam al-Malika
- Aixa
- Sayyida al Hurra
References
- ↑ Project, Living Arabic. "The Living Arabic Project - Classical Arabic and dialects" (in en). https://www.livingarabic.com/dictionaries?q=%D8%AD%D9%8F%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%A9&dc%5B%5D=classical&dc%5B%5D=nafrican&st=1&new_google_recaptcha_token=03AGdBq26IzX6lyRHtyO7ruC2lBZKzZzeEVZq1Zkv4BSuqdrL3-JcDp7AIGppwNSRoHdS_9whtzu840CMtRaVJ4kKz6bsT5mpts7MygKMljcMbtIbvbiMFHK_zHxbHCd_zpIxy6x_3nL3Nz4KSM7ccKyGhqURM2mgHTeUr3KaVmw01DVeQiLw0J7cqh4mEkPDIdJ7tJbPMwGRGewvEOwz3byqDlJOuXJoN0wp63ILcFc-sYEz688vT1GCOTmWJTrwobVu6f95nGHhRAkOQw9sq70pCB1iCv2tbceXLiG8NGSoAhfk03i_2WArNLLs3s-DqYQOc73-jBdTlBInQJ3bch7uCnjfR30PmD6wKwunpG-Hw6aUmyq7ONuRk97Zy_RnyC2R2rXGVcgiuVm74ru1uKy_LNwiHyp4ACBaVUZvLT_ZSDPBlXE476jnsi3QfZyVYg74vv1jkD_D1Q2N-jyLyA1lhfNO1pflwZg.
- ↑ Boloix-Gallardo, Bárbara (2014). "Beyond the Ḥaram: Ibn al-Khaṭīb and His Privileged Knowledge of Royal Nasrid Women". Medieval Encounters 20 (4–5): 383–402. doi:10.1163/15700674-12342180.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-579868-5.
- Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-579868-5.
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