Religion:Lunar Hijri months
The Lunar Hijri months or Islamic calendar months or Lunar calendar months or Arabic calendar months are 12 each year based on the crescent of the moon, which is 29 days or 30 days. The Lunar month is one rotation of the moon on its orbit between the observation intervals of the two crescents, with an average length of 29.53059 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 2.78 seconds). According to the length of the true lunar year (total 12 Lunar months) that is 354.36708 days (354 days and 8 hours and 35.712 seconds), its calendar year is 354 days (in normal years) or 355 days (in leap years).[1]
In the official lunar calendar, the number of days in the months is not special, and up to 4 months of 30 days and 3 months of 29 days may come in a row. But in the conventional lunar calendar, odd months are 30 days and even months are 29 days, and the last month in leap years is 30 days.[2]
The first day of each month in the lunar calendar is usually determined by observing or predicting the visibility of the new moon crescent on the evening of the 29th or 30th day before, which is called the Moonsighting.[3] This calendar is known as the Hilali, Conventional or Umm al-Qura calendar according to the different methods of determining the first day of the month and the number of days of the month each year.[4]
The Lunar Hijri months respectively are as follows:
- Muharram
- Safar
- Rabiʽ al-Awwal
- Rabiʽ al-Thani
- Jumada al-awwal
- Jumada al-Thani
- Rajab
- Sha'ban
- Ramadan
- Shawwal
- Dhu al-Qadah
- Dhu al-Hijjah
There is a poem by Abu Nasr Farahi from the book Nasab al-Sabyan to help memorize the names of the lunar months:[5]
ز محرم چو گذشتی برسد ماه صفر دو ربیع و دو جمادی ز پی یکدیگر |
When you have passed the month of Muharram, the month of Safar arrives |
رجب است از پی° شعبان، رمضان و شوّال پس به ذی‌القعده و ذی‌الحجه بکن نیک نظر |
Then the month of Rajab and after it Sha'ban, Ramadan and Shawwal months |
References
- ↑ اکرمی, موسی (2001) (in fa). گاه‌شماری ایرانی. تهران: دفتر پژوهشهای فرهنگی. p. 33.
- ↑ "ماه‌های قمری را بر چه اساسی نامگذاری کرده اند؟" (in fa). https://www.mizan.news/fa/news/666214/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF.
- ↑ "روزنامه جام جم (1400_01_23) چرا فردا ماه مبارک آغاز نمی شود؟ - مگیران" (in fa). https://www.magiran.com/article/4165673.
- ↑ "نام، معنی و ویژگی‌های ۱۲ ماه قمری - باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان" (in fa). https://www.yjc.news/fa/news/7333392/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DB%B1%DB%B2-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C.
- ↑ مشیری, محمد (in fa). تبدیل تاریخ سالهای میلادی به هجری و بالعکس، بانضمام رسالهٔ تطبیقیهٔ مرحوم استاد عبدالغفار نجم‌الدوله. چاپ تابان.
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