Engineering:Motorised quadricycle
Quadricycles are European vehicle categories of four-wheeled microcars defined by limitations in terms of weight, power and speed. Two categories are defined; knowingly light quadricycles (L6e), and heavy quadricycles (L7e).[1]
History
In 1992, the European Union published Directive 92/61/EEC which considered that quadricycles fell into the same category as mopeds. Framework Directive 2002/24/EC then refined this definition by distinguishing between light and heavy quadricycles (L6e and L7e categories).[2]
Furthermore, Directive 2006/126 (3rd Driving Licence Directive) establishes a common framework for light quadricycles driving licences. It imposes the same requirements for light quadricycles as for mopeds, including the driving age, for which it recommends 16 years as a minimum. The transposition deadline of the directive is 19 January 2011.[3]
Categories
Light quadricycles (L6e)
Light quadricycles (L6e) are defined by Framework Directive 2002/24/EC as: "motor vehicles with four wheels whose unladen mass is not more than 425 kg,[4] not including the mass of the batteries in case of electric vehicles, whose maximum design speed is not more than 45 km/h, and:
- whose engine cylinder capacity does not exceed 50 cm3 for spark (positive) ignition engines, or
- whose maximum net power output does not exceed 4 kW in the case of other (e.g. diesel fuelled) internal combustion engines, or
- whose maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 4 kW in the case of an electric motor.
These vehicles shall fulfill the technical requirements applicable to three-wheel mopeds of category L2e unless specified differently in any of the separate directives".[2]
Heavy quadricycles (L7e)
Quadricycles (L7e), also referred to as Heavy quadricycles, are defined by Framework Directive 2002/24/EC as motor vehicles with four wheels "other than those referred to (as light quadricycles), whose unladen mass is not more than 450 kg[4] (category L7e) (600 kg for vehicles intended for carrying goods), not including the mass of batteries in the case of electric vehicles, with a design payload not more than 200 kg (passenger) or 1000 kg (goods), and whose maximum net engine power does not exceed 15 kW. These vehicles shall be considered to be motor tricycles and shall fulfil the technical requirements applicable to motor tricycles of category L5e unless specified differently in any of the separate Directives".[2]
| Electric heavy quadricycles (L7e) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Model | Production year |
| Renault | Twizy | 2012 |
| Micro Mobility System | Microlino | 2018 |
| Uniti Sweden | Uniti | 2018 |
See also
- Vehicle category
References
- ↑ "Automotive - Enterprise and Industry". europa.eu. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/files/cit-sum-com-542_en.pdf. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Directive 2002/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 18 March 2002 relating to the type-approval of two or three-wheel motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 92/61/EEC". Lex EUROPA Website. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2002L0024:20050517:EN:PDF. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
- ↑ "EQUAL’s answer to the European Commission non-paper MCWG meeting". EUROPA Website. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/automotive/mcwg_meetings/20_10_2008/equal_response.pdf. Retrieved 2009-02-18.[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 REGULATION (EU) No 168/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL dated 15 January 2013
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