Company:BioNTech

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Short description: German biotechnology company

[ ⚑ ] 49°59′16″N 8°16′17″E / 49.9878°N 8.2713°E / 49.9878; 8.2713

BioNTech SE
TypePublic company (Societas Europaea)
NASDAQ: BNTX
ISINUS09075V1026
IndustryBiotechnology
Founded2008; 16 years ago (2008)
Founders
  • Uğur Şahin
  • Özlem Türeci
  • Christoph Huber
  • Andreas Strüngmann
  • Thomas Strüngmann
  • Michael Motschmann
  • Helmut Jeggle
HeadquartersAn der Goldgrube 12,
Mainz
,
Germany
Number of locations
8 (2020)
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
  • Uğur Şahin (CEO)
  • Özlem Türeci (CMO)
  • Sean Marett (CBO, CCO)
  • Sierk Poetting (CFO, COO)
  • Ryan Richardson (CSO)
ProductsBNT162b2
ServicesImmunotherapy
RevenueIncrease €482.3 million (2020)
Increase€89.4 million (2020)
Increase €366.9 million (2020)
Total assetsIncrease €2.3 billion (2020)
Total equityIncrease €1.3 billion (2020)
Number of employees
Increase 1,323 (2019)
Website{{{1}}}
Footnotes / references
Biontech FY 2020 report[1]

BioNTech SE (/ˌbiː.ɒnˈtɛk/ BEE-on-TEK or /ˌbaɪ.ɒnˈtɛk/ BYE-on-TEK;[2] short for Biopharmaceutical New Technologies) is a Germany biotechnology company based in Mainz that develops and manufactures active immunotherapies for patient-specific approaches to the treatment of diseases. It develops pharmaceutical candidates based on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for use as individualized cancer immunotherapies, as vaccines against infectious diseases and as protein replacement therapies for rare diseases, and also engineered cell therapy, novel antibodies and small molecule immunomodulators as treatment options for cancer.

The company has developed an mRNA-based human therapeutic for intravenous administration to bring individualized mRNA-based cancer immunotherapy to clinical trials and to establish its own manufacturing process.[3]

In 2020, BioNTech, partnering with Pfizer for testing and logistics, developed the RNA vaccine BNT162b2 for preventing COVID-19 infections, which offers a 95% efficacy in preventing confirmed COVID-19 occurring at least 7 days after the second dose of vaccine.[4] On 2 December 2020, temporary HMR authorization was granted by the United Kingdom government for BNT162b2 vaccinations within the United Kingdom .[5][6] It was the first mRNA vaccine ever authorized. Some days later the vaccine also received an emergency approval in the United States ,[7] Canada [8] and Switzerland .[9] On 21 December 2020, the European Commission approved BioNTech/Pfizer's coronavirus vaccine in accordance with the positive recommendation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA).[10]

History

Foundation (2008–2013)

BioNTech was founded in 2008 based on research by Uğur Şahin, Özlem Türeci,[11] and Christoph Huber,[12] with a seed investment of €150 million.[13] The company's activities focus on the development and production of technologies and drugs for individualized cancer immunotherapy.[3] Andreas and Thomas Strüngmann, Michael Motschmann, and Helmut Jeggle were cofounders.[14] In 2009, the acquisition of EUFETS and JPT Peptide Technologies took place.[15][16] Katalin Karikó, whose work on mRNA whilst working at the University of Pennsylvania underpinned the development of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine,[17] joined BioNTech as a senior vice president in 2013.[18]

Expansion (2014–2019)

Between 2014 and 2018, many research results on mRNA mechanisms were published by BioNTech.[19] Collaborations and commercialization programs were concluded with various companies and scientific institutions starting in 2015.[20] During this period, BioNTech filed several patent applications and developed a multi-layered strategy to protect its intellectual property in the various technology platforms and their application in the treatment of cancer and other serious diseases.[citation needed]

In August 2018, the company entered into a multi-year research and development (R&D) collaboration with the US company Pfizer Inc. to develop mRNA-based vaccines for prevention of influenza. Under the terms of the agreement, following BioNTech's completion of a first-in-human clinical study, Pfizer would assume sole responsibility for further clinical development and commercialization of mRNA-based flu vaccines.[21]

In September 2019, BioNTech received a capital contribution of US$55 million from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, with the option of doubling that investment amount at a later date.[22]

Nasdaq IPO (2019) to COVID-19

Since 10 October 2019, BioNTech, with its newly founded North American headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, has been publicly traded as American Depository Shares (ADS) on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol, BNTX.[23] BioNTech was able to generate total gross proceeds of 150 million dollars from the IPO.[24]

In 2021, BioNTech announced it would open its Asia headquarters in Singapore, and also open a vaccine manufacturing plant there, with support from the Singapore Economic Development Board.[25] The Singapore factory is expected to be operational by 2023 and produce hundreds of millions of doses of mRNA vaccines per year.[26] A collaboration with Fosun Pharma is planned to add a facility in China to produce a billion doses per year for China, Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, though as of August 2021, the PRC had not approved any foreign-developed COVID-19 vaccines.[26]

Corporate affairs

Locations

BioNTech is located in Germany
Mainz
Mainz
Idar-Oberstein
Idar-Oberstein
Martinsried
Martinsried
Neuried
Neuried
Berlin
Berlin
Marburg
Marburg
class=notpageimage|
Locations of BioNTech in Germany. The other two are in the United States.

BioNTech's founding place and global headquarters is Mainz, Germany, where the COVID-19 vaccine was created. The company runs multiple sites in the city. Further research locations are in San Diego and Cambridge, Massachusetts, the latter of which also serves as the North American headquarters.
Additionally the company owns GMP-certified production facilities in Idar-Oberstein, Martinsried, Neuried, and Berlin. In November 2020, the company acquired facilities from Novartis in Marburg to ramp up its vaccine production.[citation needed]

Financing

In December 2019, BioNTech received a €50 million loan, to finance the development of its patient-specific immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer and other serious diseases, from the European Investment Bank (EIB) as part of the European Commission Investment Plan for Europe.[27]

The EIB then signed a €100 million loan in June 2020, after an accelerated approval (two months for a process that usually takes more than a year). This financing helped BioNTech's vaccine trials and manufacturing. The EIB loan is part of the InnovFin Corporate Research Equity programme and the European Fund for Strategic Investments. This programme supports "innovative and higher-risk projects" backed by the European Investment Bank with a guarantee from the European Union budget.[28][29][30][31] In March 17, 2020, BioNTech received a $135 million investment from Fosun Pharma in exchange for 1.58 million shares in BioNTech and the future development and marketing rights of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in China.[32] In June 2020, BioNTech received €250 million from Temasek Holdings (Singapore) via the purchase of ordinary shares and 4 years convertible notes, but also from other investors through a private placement of mandatory convertible bonds.[33] On 15 September 2020, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) awarded a €375 million grant to BioNTech, to accelerate the development of the COVID-19 vaccine.[34]

Business activities

Vaccine development

Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine

"Project Lightspeed", the project to develop a novel mRNA technology for a COVID-19 vaccine, began in mid-January 2020 just days after the SARS-Cov-2 genetic sequence was first made public.[35] The company is partnered on this project with Pfizer[36] and Fosun.[37][38]

The production of the vaccine was followed by clinical trials, the success of which was a prerequisite for the commencement of marketing. On 9 November 2020, BioNTech and Pfizer announced that 43,500 people in 6 countries had received a test vaccine against COVID-19 with more than 90 percent effectiveness. On the basis of successful testing, they asked for the right to distribute vaccines in the United States, as well as in the European Union, the United Kingdom and Japan.[39]

Vaccine distribution timeline

In July 2020, BioNTech and pharmaceutical corporation Pfizer signed contracts to supply 120 million doses for Japan, 100 million doses for the United States at $19.50, and 40 million doses for the United Kingdom, if proven effective, safe, and licensed.[40][41][42][43] On 5 August 2020, Canada pre-ordered 20 million doses of the vaccine.[44] In September 2020, Germany privately ordered 30 million doses, outside the collective EU purchasing scheme.[45] On 5 November 2020, Australia pre-ordered 10 million doses.[46] On 9 November 2020, BioNTech-Pfizer released a positive interim analysis of a Phase III clinical trial in the United States. On 10 November 2020, BioNTech and Pfizer applied for an emergency use authorization (EUA) with the FDA, which was reviewed by mid-December.[47][48] The FDA released a document explaining that an EUA is "a mechanism to facilitate the availability and use of medical countermeasures, including vaccines, during public health emergencies, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic."[49] On 11 November 2020, the European Union pre-ordered 300 million doses, at an initial price of €12 per dose. Under the agreement, the vaccine-producing pair, BioNTech and Pfizer are subject to a tightened legal obligation to bring all the experience they have gained to the EMA for review.[50][51] Belgium's budget state secretary Eva De Bleeker accidentally revealed the vaccine purchase price-per-dose agreed by the EU with various companies, with Oxford-AstraZeneca at €1.78; Johnson & Johnson at $8.50, Sanofi-GSK at €7.56, CureVac at €10, and Moderna at $18.[52] In the same month, Israel ordered 8 million doses at $23.50 a dose.[53][54] In the same month BioNTech-Pfizer submitted an EUA application in Canada.[55] On 2 December 2020, the United Kingdom granted conditional temporary authorization (under Regulation 174 of the Human Medicines Regulations 2012) for BNT162b2,[5] becoming the first country to approve an mRNA vaccine and the first Western country to approve a COVID-19 vaccine for national use.[6][56] In the same month, BNT162b2 was revealed to also be under evaluation for EUA status in several other countries.[57] On 15 December 2020, Fosun Pharma agreed a deal to deliver 100 million doses of the BioNTech-Pfizer vaccine to China,[58] with Hong Kong securing 7.5 million doses. On 21 December 2020, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) authorised a one-year conditional use of the BioNTech-Pfizer vaccine in the European Union. Emer Cooke, Director of the EMA, stated that the benefits of the vaccine far outweigh the potential risks.[59] On 26 December 2020, following the authorisation, initial mass vaccination against coronavirus commenced in Hungary and Slovakia.[60]

On 8 January 2021, the European Union ordered an additional 200 million doses of the vaccine, with an option for 100 million more.[61] On 25 June 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added a warning about the risk of rare heart inflammation (myocarditis) to the specifications of both Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. As of that date, there were already 138 million US citizens who had been vaccinated twice with one of the mRNA-based vaccines, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).[62][63]

See also

References

  1. ↑ BioNTech SE (30 March 2021) (in en), FY 2020 results, Biontech SE, https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/biontech-announces-full-year-2020-financial-results-and, retrieved 2 July 2021 
  2. ↑ "BioNTech CEO on vaccine progress with Pfizer – YouTube". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9VNPMpfneA&t=6s. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 BioNTech SE (9 September 2019) (in en), Form F-1, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, https://sec.report/Document/0001193125-19-241112/, retrieved 23 September 2020 
  4. ↑ Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting December 10, 2020: FDA Briefing Document – Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (Report). https://www.fda.gov/media/144245/download. Retrieved 2021-07-04. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Conditions of Authorisation for Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine" (in en). Government of the United Kingdom. 2 December 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/940728/Conditions_of_Authorisation_for_Pfizer_BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine.pdf. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "UK medicines regulator gives approval for first UK COVID-19 vaccine" (in en). Government of the United Kingdom. 2 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-medicines-regulator-gives-approval-for-first-uk-covid-19-vaccine. 
  7. ↑ (in en) Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Frequently Asked Questions, https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-frequently-asked-questions, retrieved 22 December 2020 
  8. ↑ (in en) Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine: What you should know, 9 December 2020, https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/pfizer-biontech.html, retrieved 22 December 2020 
  9. ↑ (in en) Swissmedic grants authorisation for the first COVID-19 vaccine in Switzerland, https://www.swissmedic.ch/swissmedic/en/home/news/coronavirus-covid-19/covid-19-impfstoff_erstzulassung.html, retrieved 22 December 2020 
  10. ↑ "Commission approves BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine" (in en-US). 21 December 2020. https://www.politico.eu/article/european-commission-approves-biontech-pfizer-vaccine/. 
  11. ↑ "BioNTech's founders: scientist couple in global spotlight" (in en). France 24. 13 November 2020. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201113-biontech-s-founders-scientist-couple-in-global-spotlight. 
  12. ↑ "Prof. Christopher Huber". Biontech. https://investors.biontech.de/christopher-huber. 
  13. ↑ "SEC Filing | BioNTech". https://investors.biontech.de/node/6751/html#toc. 
  14. ↑ "BioNTech's founders: scientist couple in global spotlight". France 24. 13 November 2020. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201113-biontech-s-founders-scientist-couple-in-global-spotlight. 
  15. ↑ (in en) Eufets Becomes BioNTech Innovative Manufacturing Services, BioNTech IMFS, 18 September 2017, https://www.biontech-imfs.de/news-events/news-post/news/eufets-becomes-biontech-innovative-manufacturing-services/, retrieved 11 November 2020 
  16. ↑ "TheraCode to Acquire JPT Peptide Technologies". GenomeWeb. 11 May 2009. https://www.genomeweb.com/proteomics/theracode-acquire-jpt-peptide-technologies. 
  17. ↑ "The story of mRNA: From a loose idea to a tool that may help curb Covid" (in en-US). 2020-11-10. https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/10/the-story-of-mrna-how-a-once-dismissed-idea-became-a-leading-technology-in-the-covid-vaccine-race/. 
  18. ↑ "Magyar kutató, hányatatott sorsú szabadalma is kellett a most bejelentett vakcinához | Forbes.hu" (in hu). 9 November 2020. https://forbes.hu/uzlet/hanyatatott-sorsu-magyar-szabadalom-is-kellett-a-most-bejelentett-vakcinahoz/. 
  19. ↑ Kranz, Lena M.; Diken, Mustafa; Haas, Heinrich; Kreiter, Sebastian; Loquai, Carmen (16 June 2016), "Systemic RNA delivery to dendritic cells exploits antiviral defence for cancer immunotherapy" (in en), Nature 534 (7607): 396–401, doi:10.1038/nature18300, ISSN 1476-4687, PMID 27281205, Bibcode: 2016Natur.534..396K, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27281205/, retrieved 11 November 2020 
  20. ↑ "Genentech lays $310M wager on BioNTech's mRNA cancer vaccine platform". FierceBiotech. 21 September 2016. https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/genentech-lays-310-million-wager-biontech-s-mrna-cancer-vaccine-platform. 
  21. ↑ "BioNtech News Release 16 August 2018". https://biontechse.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/biontech-signs-collaboration-agreement-pfizer-develop-mrna-based. 
  22. ↑ "BioNTech Announces New Collaboration to Develop HIV and Tuberculosis Programs". BioNTech. 4 September 2019. https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/biontech-announces-new-collaboration-develop-hiv-and. 
  23. ↑ (in en) BioNTech SE, NASDAQ, https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/bntx, retrieved 12 November 2020 
  24. ↑ Spalding, Rebecca; Franklin, Joshua (9 October 2019). "Germany's BioNTech raises $150 million in smaller-than-planned U.S. IPO amid market volatility". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-biontech-ipo-idUSKBN1WO29B. 
  25. ↑ BioNTech to produce vaccines in Singapore, its new regional headquarters
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 BioNTech to build mRNA vaccine manufacturing site in Singapore
  27. ↑ "European Investment Bank provides funding of €50 million to BioNTech as part of the Investment Plan for Europe" (in en). European Commission. 17 December 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_19_6796. 
  28. ↑ "BioNTech moves to head of pack for COVID-19 vaccine with EU finance" (in en). https://www.eib.org/en/stories/eu-financing-for-covid-19-vaccine. 
  29. ↑ "EU forks out € 50 million to clean Internet". Network Security 2004 (3): 3. March 2004. doi:10.1016/s1353-4858(04)00047-9. ISSN 1353-4858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(04)00047-9. 
  30. ↑ "BioNTech moves to head of pack for COVID-19 vaccine with EU finance" (in en). https://www.eib.org/en/stories/eu-financing-for-covid-19-vaccine. 
  31. ↑ "Investment Plan for Europe: European Investment Bank to provide BioNTech with up to €100 million in debt financing for COVID-19 vaccine development and manufacturing" (in en). European Commission. 11 June 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1034. 
  32. ↑ Ludwig Burger (15 March 2020). "BioNTech in China alliance with Fosun over coronavirus vaccine candidate". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/biontech-fosunpharma-vaccine-collaborati/biontech-in-china-alliance-with-fosun-over-coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-idUSL8N2B90UW. 
  33. ↑ Burger, Ludwig (29 June 2020). "Temasek-led investor group in $250 million vaccine bet on Germany's BioNTech". Reuters (Frankfurt). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-biontech-placement/temasek-led-investor-group-in-250-million-vaccine-bet-on-germanys-biontech-idUSKBN2400PS. 
  34. ↑ SE, BioNTech (15 September 2020). "BioNTech to Receive up to €375M in Funding from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research to Support COVID-19 Vaccine Program BNT162". http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/09/15/2093535/0/en/BioNTech-to-Receive-up-to-375M-in-Funding-from-German-Federal-Ministry-of-Education-and-Research-to-Support-COVID-19-Vaccine-Program-BNT162.html. 
  35. ↑ "Aiming to address the global coronavirus pandemic: Project Lightspeed". BioNTech. 2020. https://biontech.de/covid-19. 
  36. ↑ Lovelace Jr., Berkeley (27 July 2020). "Pfizer and BioNTech began late-stage human trial for coronavirus vaccine Monday". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/27/pfizer-and-biontech-began-late-stage-human-trial-for-coronavirus-vaccine-monday.html. 
  37. ↑ "BioNTech in China alliance with Fosun over coronavirus vaccine candidate". Reuters (Frankfurt). 15 March 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/biontech-fosunpharma-vaccine-collaborati/biontech-in-china-alliance-with-fosun-over-coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-idUSL8N2B90UW. 
  38. ↑ Burger, Ludwig (22 April 2020). "Germany approves trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidate". Reuters (Berlin). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-biontech/germany-approves-trials-of-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-idUSKCN2241DN. 
  39. ↑ "Covid vaccine: First 'milestone' vaccine offers 90% protection" (in en-GB). BBC News. 9 November 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-54873105. 
  40. ↑ Shakil, Ismail; Mishra, Manas (31 July 2020). "Pfizer, BioNTech to supply 120 million doses of coronavirus vaccine to Japan". Reuters (Bengaluru). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-japan-pfizer-biont/pfizer-biontech-to-supply-120-million-doses-of-coronavirus-vaccine-to-japan-idUSKCN24W1CY. 
  41. ↑ Erman, Michael; Banerjee, Ankur (22 July 2020). "U.S. to pay Pfizer, BioNTech $1.95 billion for COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-pfizer/u-s-to-pay-pfizer-biontech-1-95-billion-for-covid-19-vaccine-idUSKCN24N1I9. 
  42. ↑ Gallagher, James (20 July 2020). "Coronavirus vaccine: UK government signs deals for 90 million doses". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53469269. 
  43. ↑ Smout, Alistair (20 July 2020). "Britain secures 90 million possible COVID-19 vaccine doses from Pfizer/BioNTech, Valneva". Reuters (London). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-britain-vaccines/britain-secures-90-million-possible-covid-19-vaccine-doses-from-pfizer-biontech-valneva-idUSKCN24L0GN. 
  44. ↑ SE, BioNTech (5 August 2020). "Pfizer and BioNTech to Supply Canada with their BNT162 mRNA-Based Vaccine Candidate". http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/08/05/2073253/0/en/Pfizer-and-BioNTech-to-Supply-Canada-with-their-BNT162-mRNA-Based-Vaccine-Candidate.html. 
  45. ↑ Fortuna, Gerardo (8 January 2021). "Commission takes evasive action over Germany's vaccine side deal" (in en-GB). https://www.euractiv.com/section/coronavirus/news/commission-takes-evasive-action-over-germanys-vaccine-side-deal/. 
  46. ↑ "Australia Secures a further 50 Million Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine | Prime Minister of Australia". https://www.pm.gov.au/media/australia-secures-further-50-million-doses-covid-19-vaccine. 
  47. ↑ "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Announces Advisory Committee Meeting to Discuss COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). Retrieved 20 November 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  48. ↑ "Pfizer, BioNTech submit formal application to FDA to authorize Covid-19 vaccine". STAT. 20 November 2020. https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/20/pfizer-biontech-submit-formal-application-to-fda-to-authorize-covid-19-vaccine/. 
  49. ↑ "Emergency Use Authorization for Vaccines Explained". 20 November 2020. https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/emergency-use-authorization-vaccines-explained.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  50. ↑ "Coronavirus: EU buys 300m doses of BioNTech-Pfizer vaccine". BBC News (United Kingdom). 11 November 2020. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54902056. 
  51. ↑ "Az Európai Gyógyszerügynökség forgalmazásra ajánlja a Pfizer/BioNTech-vakcinát" (in hu). 21 December 2020. https://koronavirus.gov.hu/cikkek/az-europai-gyogyszerugynokseg-forgalmazasra-ajanlja-pfizerbiontech-vakcinat. 
  52. ↑ "Belgian secretary of state accidentally reveals EU vaccine prices" (in en-US). 17 December 2020. https://www.politico.eu/article/belgian-secretary-of-state-accidentally-reveals-eu-vaccine-prices/. 
  53. ↑ "Israel receives initial shipment of Pfizer coronavirus vaccine" (in en). CNBC. 9 December 2020. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/09/israel-to-receive-initial-shipment-of-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine.html. 
  54. ↑ Dyer, Owen (29 January 2021). "Covid-19: Countries are learning what others paid for vaccines" (in en). BMJ 372: n281. doi:10.1136/bmj.n281. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 33514535. https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n281. 
  55. ↑ Katie Dangerfield (20 November 2020). "Pfizer files for emergency use of coronavirus vaccine in U.S.—what about in Canada?". Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/7474273/pfizer-emergency-use-coronavirus-vaccine-canada/. 
  56. ↑ Roberts, Michelle (2 December 2020). "Covid Pfizer vaccine approved for use next week in UK" (in en-GB). BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55145696. 
  57. ↑ Benjamin Mueller (2 December 2020). "U.K. Approves Pfizer coronavirus vaccine, a first in the West". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/02/world/europe/pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine-approved-uk.html. 
  58. ↑ "Fosun Pharma to buy 100 million doses of BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine for mainland China" (in en). Reuters. 16 December 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-fosunpharma-idUSKBN28Q04N. 
  59. ↑ "EMA recommends first COVID-19 vaccine for authorisation in the EU" (in en). European Medicines Agency. 21 December 2020. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-recommends-first-covid-19-vaccine-authorisation-eu. 
  60. ↑ Binnie, Anita Komuves, Benoit Van Overstraeten, Isla (27 December 2020). "'Window of hope': Europe begins to launch COVID-19 vaccinations" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-europe-vaccines-idUSKBN29102Y. 
  61. ↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche (8 January 2021). "COVID vaccine: EU orders 300 million more BioNTech-Pfizer doses" (in en-GB). Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/covid-vaccine-eu-orders-300-million-more-biontech-pfizer-doses/a-56168308. 
  62. ↑ Commissioner, Office of the (2021-06-25). "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: June 25, 2021" (in en). https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-june-25-2021. 
  63. ↑ "FDA adds warning about rare heart inflammation to Pfizer, Moderna COVID shots". 2021-06-26. https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/us-fda-adds-warning-about-rare-heart-inflammation-pfizer-moderna-covid-vaccines-2021-06-26/. 

External links




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