View source for Engineering:Bréguet 890 Mercure

<!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft. Please see Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= Mercure / Mars
 |image=
 |caption=
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
 |type= Freighter and airliner
 |national origin= France
 |manufacturer= Bréguet Aviation
 |first flight= 1 March 1949
 |introduced=
 |retired=
 |status=
 |primary user=
 |number built= 3
 |developed from=
 |variants with their own articles=
}}
|}

The '''Bréguet 890 Mercure''' was a late 1940s {{wipe|France}} cargo and passenger transport aircraft designed by Bréguet Aviation.<ref name="orbis" /> Three variants were produced including a military variant called the '''Mars''' but none entered production.<ref name="orbis" /><ref name="ab" />

==Design and development==
With a French Air Force requirement to replace the Douglas C-47 and [[Engineering:Junkers Ju 52|Amiot AAC-1]] Bréguet started development of the Breguet 890 as a medium-capacity military transport.<ref name="ab" /> The commercial transport prototype designated the '''Bréguet 890H Mercure''' was an all-metal cantilever high-wing monoplane powered by two {{convert|2000|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Bristol Hercules radial engines. It had a retractable tricycle landing gear and, advanced for its day, a swing tail to allow access (using a loading ramp) into the fuselage for heavy equipment and vehicles. A military prototype was also built under the designation '''Bréguet 891R Mars''', it retained the swing tail but had provision for 20 paratroopers and was powered by two {{convert|1600|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Gnome-Rhône 14R-200 radial engines. The Mars had parachute doors on each side of the fuselage, a floor chute for dropping containers and also a towing hook for a glider.

The third variant and the first to fly on 1 March 1949 was a convertible passenger/cargo aircraft, designated the '''Bréguet 892S Mercure'''. Although based on the 890H the 892S had four {{convert|500|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Renault 12S inline piston engines.<ref name="orbis" /> It had a large cargo door on the starboard side and two passenger doors in the port side. When fitted with seats it could carry 40 passengers.<ref name="orbis" />

Only one prototype of each variant was built, the French Air Force ordered the [[Engineering:Nord Noratlas|Nord Noratlas]] rather than the Mars and with the availability of war-surplus aircraft like the [[Engineering:Douglas DC-3|Douglas DC-3]] available to commercial operators the type did not enter production.<ref name="ab" />

==Variants==
;890H Mercure
:Twin-engined freighter/commercial transport prototype powered by two {{convert|2000|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Bristol Hercules radial engines, one built, first flown in April 1950. Later the 892S variant was modified to the 890H standard.<ref name="ab" />
;890J Mercure
:Prototype commercial transport was originally to be powered by two Jumo 211 but with the availability of the British Hercules engine the designation was changed to 890H.<ref name="ab" />
;891R Mars
:Twin-engined military freighter variant of the 890H powered by two {{convert|1600|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Gnome-Rhône 14R-200 radial engines, one built, first flown in November 1949.<ref name="ab" />
;892S Mercure
:Four-engined convertible cargo/passenger variant with four {{convert|500|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Renault 12S inline piston engines, one built, first flown in March 1949. The 892S was later converted to be the second 890H.<ref name="ab" />
;893S
:Unbuilt variant that would have used Bristol Hercules engines.<ref name="ab" />
;894
:Unbuilt variant that would have used Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engines.<ref name="ab" />
;895H
:A larger variant was proposed in 1953 but not built.<ref name="ab" />

==Specifications 892S Mercure==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=[[Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft]]<ref name="orbis" />
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
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|crew=
|capacity=
|length m=21.60
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|span m=30.60
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|height m=7.20
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|wing area sqm=101.20
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|empty weight kg=800
|empty weight lb=
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|max takeoff weight kg=16000
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<!--
        Powerplant
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|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=Renault 12S
|eng1 type=inline piston engine
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|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->500
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        Performance
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|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=350
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at 2500m
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=285
|cruise speed mph=
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|cruise speed note=at 1500m
|stall speed kmh=<!-- aerobatic -->
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|range km=1000
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}}

<!-- ==See also== -->
{{aircontent
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|see also=
|related=<!-- related developments -->
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|sequence=<!-- designation sequence, if appropriate -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="orbis">Orbis 1985, p. 879</ref>
<ref name="ab">Chillon et al 1980, p. 155</ref>
}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book |title= The [[Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft]] (Part Work 1982-1985)|publisher= Orbis Publishing}}
*{{cite book |last1=Chillon |first1=Jacques |last2=Dubois |first2=Jean-Pierre |last3=Wegg |first3=John |title=French Post-War Transport Aircraft |date=1980 |publisher=Air-Britain |location=Tonbridge, UK |isbn=0-85130-078-2|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book|last=Cuny|first=Jean|title=Les avions de combat français, 2: Chasse lourde, bombardement, assaut, exploration|publisher=Ed. Larivière|year=1989|series=Docavia|volume=30|oclc=36836833|lang=fr|trans-title=French Combat Aircraft 2: Heavy Fighters, Bombers, Attack, Reconnaissance}}
*{{cite book |last1=Cuny |first1=Jean |last2=Leyvastre |first2=Pierre |title=Les Avions Breguet (1940/1971)|year=1977 |publisher=Editions Larivière |location=Paris |language=fr |series=DOCAVIA |volume=6|name-list-style=amp|oclc=440863702}}
*{{cite book |last1=Lacaze |first1=Henri |title=Les avions Louis Breguet Paris|volume=2: le règne du monoplan |date=2016 |location=Le Vigen, France |isbn=978-2-914017-89-3 |language=fr|trans-title=The Aircraft of Louis Breguet, Paris}}


[[Category:Four-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Four-engined piston aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|Bréguet 890 Mercure}}