Sweedler's Hopf algebra
In mathematics, Moss E. Sweedler (1969, p. 89–90) introduced an example of an infinite-dimensional Hopf algebra, and Sweedler's Hopf algebra H4 is a certain 4-dimensional quotient of it that is neither commutative nor cocommutative.
Definition
The following infinite dimensional Hopf algebra was introduced by (Sweedler 1969). The Hopf algebra is generated as an algebra by three elements x, g and g-1.
The coproduct Δ is given by
- Δ(g) = g ⊗g, Δ(x) = 1⊗x + x ⊗g
The antipode S is given by
- S(x) = –x g−1, S(g) = g−1
The counit ε is given by
- ε(x)=0, ε(g) = 1
Sweedler's 4-dimensional Hopf algebra H4 is the quotient of this by the relations
- x2 = 0, g2 = 1, gx = –xg
so it has a basis 1, x, g, xg (Montgomery 1993). Note that Montgomery describes a slight variant of this Hopf algebra using the opposite coproduct, i.e. the coproduct described above composed with the tensor flip on H4⊗H4.
Sweedler's 4-dimensional Hopf algebra is a quotient of the Pareigis Hopf algebra, which is in turn a quotient of the infinite dimensional Hopf algebra.
References
- Armour, Aaron; Chen, Hui-Xiang; Zhang, Yinhuo (2006), "Structure theorems of H4-Azumaya algebras", Journal of Algebra 305 (1): 360–393, doi:10.1016/j.jalgebra.2005.10.020, ISSN 0021-8693
- Montgomery, Susan (1993), Hopf algebras and their actions on rings, CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, 82, Published for the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences, Washington, DC, ISBN 978-0-8218-0738-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=U895BpubbMkC
- Sweedler, Moss E. (1969), Hopf algebras, Mathematics Lecture Note Series, W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New York, ISBN 9780805392548, https://books.google.com/books?id=8FnvAAAAMAAJ
- Van Oystaeyen, Fred; Zhang, Yinhuo (2001), "The Brauer group of Sweedler's Hopf algebra H4", Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 129 (2): 371–380, doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-00-05628-8, ISSN 0002-9939
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