Art:Pseudo-Hebrew
Pseudo-Hebrew is the artistic use of symbols meant to appear like Hebrew script but that are not in fact Hebrew letters.[1][2][3] The related phenomenon of the use of actual Hebrew letters in ways that do not represent actual language may be called "nonsense Hebrew".[1] Gary Schwartz, an art historian, notes that the use of pseudo-Hebrew in 15th-century art is not distinctive, as other works of the time also contain pseudo-Greek, Hebrew, and Latin.[4]
History
In medieval European artworks, faux-Hebrew was used in paintings to identify and portray Jewish people or as a reference to Jewish people, often in a negative light. Following the Renaissance, the frequency of faux-Hebrew increased in artworks and was often used to signify its status as a holy language for Christians.[5]
See also
- Pseudo-Kufic
- Pseudo-runes
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Resnick 2023, pp. 81–82.
- ↑ Schwartz 2010.
- ↑ Menczel n.d.
- ↑ "309 Pseudo-Semitism – Gary Schwartz Art Historian" (in en). 2010-11-22. https://www.garyschwartzarthistorian.nl/309-pseudo-semitism/.
- ↑ Benner, Gabriela (2019-07-01). "El Faux-Hebreo: un alfabeto con errores". CEM - Cultura, Espaço & Memória 2018 (9): 357-367. https://ojs.letras.up.pt/ojs/index.php/CITCEM/article/view/6238/0.
Bibliography
- Benner, Gabriela (2019). "El Faux-Hebreo: un alfabeto con errores". Cultura, Espaço & Memória (9): 357–365. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/index.php/CITCEM/article/viewFile/6238/5869.
- Leiman, Rivka Elitzur; Leibner, Uzi (2016). "An Amulet from Khirbet Wadi Ḥamam". Israel Exploration Journal 66 (2): 220–231. ISSN 0021-2059. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44474007.
- Menczel, Linda-Saskia (n.d.). "Hebrew Inscriptions in European Art of the 15th–18th Centuries — A Sign of Erudition". https://www.academia.edu/45594932. Originally published in Romanian in Caiete de Arte și Design 8 (2020): 58–63. Template:CEEOL
- Resnick, Irven M. (2023). "'Lingua sacra et diabolica': A Survey of Medieval Christian Views of the Hebrew". in Daniel Stein Kokin. Hebrew Between Jews and Christians. De Gruyter. pp. 67–93. doi:10.1515/9783110339826-004.
- Rodov, Ilia (2013). "Script in Christian Art". Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. 3. Brill. pp. 462–477. doi:10.1163/2212-4241_ehll_EHLL_COM_00000707. https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/EHHL/EHLL-COM-00000707.xml.
- Schwartz, Gary (22 November 2010). "Pseudo-Semitism". https://www.garyschwartzarthistorian.nl/309-pseudo-semitism/.
- Vera, Vicente Jara; Ávila, Carmen Sánchez (February 2017). "Four Versions of the Christus by the Massys: Deciphering the Meaning of the Letters" (in en). Religions 8 (2): 19. doi:10.3390/rel8020019. ISSN 2077-1444.
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