Astronomy:Bipolar nebula

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Short description: Type of nebula that has two lobes extending from a central star
Bipolar planetary nebula PN Hb 12.[1]

A bipolar nebula is a type of nebula characterized by two lobes either side of a central star. About 10-20% of planetary nebulae are bipolar.[2]

Formation

Though the exact causes of this nebular structure are not known, it is often thought to imply the presence of a binary central star with a period of a few days to a few years. As one of the two stars expelled its outer layers, the other disrupted the outflow of material to form the bipolar shape.[3]

Examples

Planetary Nebula M2-9, otherwise known as the Twin Jet Nebula or the Wings of a Butterfly Nebula, is a bipolar nebula.

References

  1. ↑ "Bizarre alignment of planetary nebulae". ESA/Hubble Press Release. http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1316/. Retrieved 6 September 2013. 
  2. ↑ The Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg Hα Planetary Nebula Catalogue: MASH, Parker et al. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 79
  3. ↑ Binary Progenitor Models for Bipolar Planetary Nebulae, Soker 1998, ApJ, 496, 833
  4. ↑ NewsCenter - Doomed Star Eta Carinae (06/10/1996) - Release Images. HubbleSite (10 June 1996). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  5. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (12 July 1995). "Eta Carinae Before Explosion". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap950712.html. 
  6. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (26 March 2006). "Doomed Star Eta Carinae". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap060326.html. 
  7. ↑ Eta Carinae Nebula (NGC 3372). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  8. ↑ HubbleSite – NewsCenter – Hubble Witnesses the Final Blaze of Glory of Sun-Like Stars (12/17/1997) – Release Images
  9. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (12 June 2005). "M2 9: Wings of a Butterfly Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap050612.html. 
  10. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (21 October 1997). "The Butterfly Planetary Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap971021.html. 
  11. ↑ Butterfly Nebula (M 2-9). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  12. ↑ NewsCenter - The "Rotten Egg" Nebula: A Planetary Nebula in the Making (10/19/1999) - Introduction. HubbleSite (19 October 1999). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  13. ↑ APOD: 1 November 1999 - The Rotten Egg Planetary Nebula. Antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov (1 November 1999). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  14. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (3 September 2001). "The Making of the Rotten Egg Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap010903.html. 
  15. ↑ Calabash Nebula (OH231.8+4.2). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  16. ↑ NewsCenter - Astro-Entomology? Ant-like Space Structure Previews Death of Our Sun (02/01/2001) - Introduction. HubbleSite (1 February 2001). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  17. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (1 May 2005). "Planetary Nebula Mz3: The Ant Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap050501.html. 
  18. ↑ Ant Nebula (Menzel 3). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  19. ↑ Tafoya, D.; Loinard, L.; Vlemmings, W.H.T.; Marti-Vidal, I.; Pech, G. (22 July 2013). "Rapid angular expansion of the ionized core of CRL 618". Astronomy and Astrophysics 556: A35. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321704. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2013/08/aa21704-13.pdf. Retrieved 15 November 2020. 
  20. ↑ NewsCenter - Hubble Finds Searchlight Beams and Multiple Arcs around a Dying Star (01/16/1996) - Introduction. HubbleSite (16 January 1996). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  21. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (26 June 1999). "Shells in the Egg Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap990626.html. 
  22. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (9 April 2003). "The Egg Nebula in Polarized Light". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap030409.html. 
  23. ↑ Egg Nebula (CRL 2688). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  24. ↑ NewsCenter - Dying Star Sculpts Rungs of Gas and Dust (05/11/2004) - Release Images. HubbleSite (11 May 2004). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  25. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (13 May 2004). "Rungs of the Red Rectangle". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap040513.html. 
  26. ↑ Red Rectangle. Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  27. ↑ NewsCenter - Hubble Finds an Hourglass Nebula around a Dying Star (01/16/1996) - Release Images. HubbleSite (16 January 1996). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  28. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (18 January 1996). "MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap960118.html. 
  29. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (15 June 2002). "MyCn18: An Hourglass Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap020615.html. 
  30. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (9 February 1996). "The Eye of an Hourglass Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap960209.html. 
  31. ↑ Hourglass Nebula (MyCn 18). Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  32. ↑ NewsCenter - Symbiotic Star Blows Bubbles into Space (08/24/1999) - Release Images. HubbleSite (24 August 1999). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  33. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (31 August 1999). "Symbiotic Star Bubbles". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap990831.html. 
  34. ↑ Southern Crab Nebula (He2-104) . Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  35. ↑ NewsCenter - Hubble Catches Scattered Light from the Boomerang Nebula (09/13/2005) - Release Images. HubbleSite (13 September 2005). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  36. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (14 September 2005). "The Boomerang Nebula in Polarized Light". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap050914.html. 
  37. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (20 February 2003). "Cold Wind from the Boomerang Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap030220.html. 
  38. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds (15 October 1997). "Cold Wind From The Boomerang Nebula". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap971015.html. 
  39. ↑ Boomerang Nebula. Daviddarling.info (1 February 2007). Retrieved on 26 November 2010.
  40. ↑ APOD: 28 October 2001 – NGC 2346: A Butterfly-Shaped Planetary Nebula
  41. ↑ López, J.A; Vazquez, R.; Rodriguez, L.F. (10 December 1995). "The discovery of a bipolar, rotating, episodic jet (BRET) in the planetary nebula KjPn 8". The Astrophysical Journal 455: L63–L66. doi:10.1086/309801. 

See also



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