Astronomy:Relative angular momentum

Short description: Physical quantity

In celestial mechanics, the relative angular momentum ([math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{H_{{2}/{1}}}\,\! }[/math]) of an orbiting body ([math]\displaystyle{ m_2\,\! }[/math]) relative to a central body ([math]\displaystyle{ m_1\,\! }[/math]) is the moment of ([math]\displaystyle{ m_2\,\! }[/math])'s relative linear momentum:

[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{H_{{2}/{1}}}=\mathbf{r}\times m_2\mathbf{v}\,\! }[/math]

where:

• [math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{r}\,\! }[/math] is the orbital position vector of the orbiting body relative to the central body,
• [math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{v}\,\! }[/math] is the orbital velocity vector of the orbiting body relative to the central body,
• [math]\displaystyle{ m_2\,\! }[/math] is mass of the orbiting body.

For a body in an unperturbed orbit about a central body, the orbital plane is stationary, and the relative angular momentum ([math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{H_{{2}/{1}}}\,\! }[/math]) is perpendicular to the orbital plane.
For perturbed orbits where the orbital plane is in motion, the relative angular momentum vector is perpendicular to the (osculating) orbital plane at only two points in the orbit.

Uses

In astrodynamics relative angular momentum is usually used to derive specific relative angular momentum ([math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{h}\,\! }[/math]):

[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{h}=\mathbf{H_{{2}/{1}}}/m_2\,\! }[/math]

where:

• [math]\displaystyle{ m_2\,\! }[/math] is mass of the orbiting body.

See also

• Angular momentum
• Specific relative angular momentum
• Linear momentum
• Momentum