Biography:Henry Winston Newson
Henry Winston Newson (November 26, 1909, Lawrence, Kansas – May 14, 1978, Durham, North Carolina)[1] was an American physical chemist and nuclear physicist, known for his research on nuclear resonances and as one of the co-inventors of the control system used in nuclear reactors.[2]
Biography
His parents were the mathematics professors Henry Byron Newson and Mary Frances Winston Newson. Henry Winston Newson graduated in 1931 with a B.Sc. in chemistry from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and in 1934 with a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Chicago.[2] His thesis advisor was William Draper Harkins.[3] Henry Newson married Meta F. Thode in 1934. The couple spent two years from 1934 to 1936 at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. There he worked as a research fellow assisting Ernest O. Lawrence in constructing the laboratory's cyclotron.[4][5] At the University of Chicago from 1936 to 1941 Newson was an instructor, first in chemistry and subsequently in physics.[2] The Newson's first daughter, Meta Mary,[5] was born in Chicago in August 1941.[6] From 1941 to 1943 Henry Newson was a senior physicist in the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory (Met Lab), where in December 1942 the first controlled nuclear chain reaction was produced. From 1943 to 1944 he was a section chief at Clinton Laboratories (later renamed Oak Ridge National Laboratory). He was from 1944 to 1945 a technical expert at Hanford Engineering Works and from 1945 to 1946 a group leader at Los Alamos National Laboratory, during the development of the atomic bomb. From 1946 to 1948 he was a chief physicist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.[7] In 1948 the Newsons' second daughter, Caroline, was born, and he became a full professor in the physics department of Duke University.[8]
Newson chaired Duke University's physics department from 1973 to 1975. He was a professor of physics at Duke University and TUNL's director until his death in 1978. His successor as TUNL's director was his former doctoral student, Edward Bilpuch[2] (1927–2012). Newson's doctoral students include John H. Gibbons and Myron L. Good.[3]
Newson was elected in 1960 a Fellow of the American Physical Society.[9] Upon his death the Newson family established the Henry W. Newson Lecture Series Fund at Duke University.[7] The university established a Henry Newson Professorship of Physics (currently held by Haiyan Gao).[10] Henry Newson was survived by his widow, two daughters, and six grandchildren.[1]
Selected publications
- Newson, Henry W. (1937). "Transmutation Functions at High Bombarding Energies". Physical Review 51 (8): 620–623. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.51.620. Bibcode: 1937PhRv...51..620N.
- Marshak, Harvey; Newson, Henry W. (1957). "Neutron Resonances in the keV Region: Odd-Intermediate Nuclei". Physical Review 106 (1): 110–116. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.106.110. Bibcode: 1957PhRv..106..110M.
- Newson, H. W.; Williamson, R. M.; Jones, K. W.; Gibbons, J. H.; Marshak, H. (1957). "Li7(p, n), (p, p′γ), and (p, γ) Reactions near Neutron Threshold". Physical Review 108 (5): 1294–1300. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.108.1294.
- Parks, P. B.; Newson, H. W.; Williamson, R. M. (1958). "Method of Canceling Energy Fluctuations of a van de Graaff Ion Beam". Review of Scientific Instruments 29 (10): 834–839. doi:10.1063/1.1716015. Bibcode: 1958RScI...29..834P.
- Newson, H.W; Block, R.C; Nichols, P.F; Taylor, A.; Furr, A.K; Merzbacher, E. (1959). "s- and p-wave neutron spectroscopy: Part II. Even-even nuclei". Annals of Physics 8 (2): 211–222. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(59)90019-3. Bibcode: 1959AnPhy...8..211N.
- Bilpuch, E.G; Weston, L.W; Newson, H.W (1960). "Neutron capture cross sections in the keV region: Part I. Methods of measurement and analysis". Annals of Physics 10 (4): 455–476. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(60)90117-2. Bibcode: 1960AnPhy..10..455B.
- Weston, L.W; Seth, K.K; Bilpuch, E.G; Newson, H.W (1960). "Neutron capture cross sections in the keV region: Part II. Spin-orbit coupling and the optical model". Annals of Physics 10 (4): 477–489. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(60)90118-4. Bibcode: 1960AnPhy..10..477W.
- Bilpuch, E.G; Seth, K.K; Bowman, C.D; Tabony, R.H; Smith, R.C; Newson, H.W (1961). "s- and p-wave neutron spectroscopy: Part VII. Widths of neutron resonances". Annals of Physics 14: 387–418. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(61)90063-X. Bibcode: 1961AnPhy..14..387B.
- Newson, Henry W. (1961). "Symmetric and Asymmetric Fission". Physical Review 122 (4): 1224–1226. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.122.1224. Bibcode: 1961PhRv..122.1224N.
- Bowman, C.D; Bilpuch, E.G; Newson, H.W (1962). "s- and p-wave neutron spectroscopy: Part VIII. Subshell effect on nuclear level spacing nearA = 50". Annals of Physics 17 (3): 319–378. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(62)90035-0. Bibcode: 1962AnPhy..17..319B.
- Farrell, J.A.; Bilpuch, E.G.; Newson, H.W. (1966). "s- and p-wave neutron spectroscopy: Part XIa. Level spacins in even intermediate elements". Annals of Physics 37 (3): 367–410. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(66)90204-1. Bibcode: 1966AnPhy..37..367F.
- Keyworth, G.A.; Kyker, G.C.; Bilpuch, E.G.; Newson, H.W. (1966). "A high-resolution study of isobaric analogue resonances in 41K". Nuclear Physics 89 (3): 590–608. doi:10.1016/0029-5582(66)90934-5. Bibcode: 1966NucPh..89..590K.
- Keyworth, G.A.; Kyker, G.C.; Bilpuch, E.G.; Newson, H.W. (1966). "Fine structure of isobaric analogue resonances in 41K". Physics Letters 20 (3): 281–284. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(66)90365-9. Bibcode: 1966PhL....20..281K.
- Keyworth, G. A.; Wilhjelm, P.; Kyker, G. C.; Newson, H. W.; Bilpuch, E. G. (1968). "High-Resolution Study of Isobaric Analog Resonances in 23Na". Physical Review 176 (4): 1302–1310. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.176.1302. Bibcode: 1968PhRv..176.1302K.
- Sellin, David L.; Newson, Henry W.; Bilpuch, Edward G. (1969). "High resolution investigation of resonances in 19F". Annals of Physics 51 (3): 461–475. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(69)90138-9. Bibcode: 1969AnPhy..51..461S.
- Browne, J.C.; Newson, H.W.; Bilpuch, E.G.; Mitchell, G.E. (1970). "Fine structure of analogue states in 59Cu, 61Cu, 63Cu and 65Cu". Nuclear Physics A 153 (2): 481–501. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(70)90787-6. Bibcode: 1970NuPhA.153..481B.
- Moses, J.D.; Newson, H.W.; Bilpuch, E.G.; Mitchell, G.E. (1971). "Fine structure of analogue states in 51Mn, 53Mn and 55Mn". Nuclear Physics A 175 (3): 556–582. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(71)90450-7. Bibcode: 1971NuPhA.175..556M.
- Lindstrom, D.P.; Newson, H.W.; Bilpuch, E.G.; Mitchell, G.E. (1971). "Fine structure of analogue states in 55Co, 57Co and 59Co". Nuclear Physics A 168 (1): 37–55. doi:10.1016/0375-9474(71)90650-6. Bibcode: 1971NuPhA.168...37L.
- Boyce, J. R.; Hayward, T. D.; Bass, R.; Newson, H. W.; Bilpuch, E. G.; Purser, F. O.; Schmitt, H. W. (1974). "Absolute cross sections for proton-induced fission of the uranium isotopes". Physical Review C 10 (1): 231–244. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.10.231. Bibcode: 1974PhRvC..10..231B.
- Newson, H.W.; Bilpuch, E.G.; Purser, F.O.; Boyce, J.R.; Clegg, T.B. (1974). "An operational review of the TUNL Cyclo-Graaff". Nuclear Instruments and Methods 122: 99–113. doi:10.1016/0029-554X(74)90474-1. Bibcode: 1974NucIM.122...99N.
- Glasgow, D. W.; Purser, F. O.; Hogue, H.; Clement, J. C.; Stelzer, K.; Mack, G.; Boyce, J. R.; Epperson, D. H. et al. (1976). "Differential Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 9- to 15-MeV Neutrons from Carbon". Nuclear Science and Engineering 61 (4): 521–533. doi:10.13182/NSE76-A14488. Bibcode: 1976NSE....61..521G.
- Hogue, H. H.; Behren, P. L. Von; Epperson, D. H.; Glendinning, S. G.; Lisowski, P. W.; Nelson, C. E.; Newson, H. W.; Purser, F. O. et al. (1978). "Differential Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 7- to 15-MeV Neutrons from Beryllium". Nuclear Science and Engineering 68 (1): 38–42. doi:10.13182/NSE78-A27268. Bibcode: 1978NSE....68...38H.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Obituary. Dr. Henry Newson, 68". The New York Times. May 16, 1978. https://www.nytimes.com/1978/05/16/archives/dr-henry-newson-68-assisted-in-development-of-atomic-energy.html.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Henry W. Newson". https://physics.duke.edu/about/history/historical-faculty/henry-w-newson.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Henry Winston Newson". https://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=52544.
- ↑ "Henry W. Newson". https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/henry-w-newson.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Meta Newson's Interview by S. L. Sanger (March 15, 1986 in Chapel Hill, N.C.)". https://www.manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/meta-newsons-interview.
- ↑ "Obituary. Meta N. Robb". LancasterOnline. April 28, 2017. https://lancasteronline.com/obituaries/meta-n-robb/article_dc1a9f19-44f9-531b-a8f9-8a902bc438fb.html.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bilpuch, Edward G. (1978). "Henry W. Newson". Physics Today 31 (8): 65–66. doi:10.1063/1.2995154. Bibcode: 1978PhT....31h..65B.
- ↑ Cattell, Jaques, ed (1949). American Men of Science: A Biographical Directory (8th ed.). p. 1817. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ea9CC4lCicQC&pg=PA1817.
- ↑ "APS Fellow Archive". https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1960&unit_id=&institution=Durham%2C+North+Carolina. (search on year=1960 and institution=Durham, North Carolina)
- ↑ "Haiyan Gao: Henry W. Newson Distinguished Professor of Physics", Scholars @ Duke (Duke University), https://scholars.duke.edu/person/haiyan.gao
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