Biography:Joshua Shaevitz

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Short description: American biophysicist
Joshua William Shaevitz
Joshua W Shaevitz.jpg
Joshua William Shaevitz at Princeton in 2019.
Born (1977-11-06) November 6, 1977 (age 46)
Los Angeles, CA
NationalityAmerican
Alma materColumbia University
Stanford University
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Berkeley
Princeton University
Doctoral advisorSteven Block
Websiteshaevitzlab.princeton.edu

Joshua Shaevitz (born 1977) is an American biophysicist and Professor of Physics at the Lewis-Sigler Institute at Princeton University in Princeton, NJ.[1] He is known for his work in single-molecule biophysics, bacterial growth and motility, and animal behavior.[2]

Education and early career

Shaevitz completed his Bachelor's degree in Physics at Columbia University in New York in 1999 where he was an I. I. Rabi Scholar. He received his PhD in 2004 from Stanford University where he studied the molecular motors kinesin[3] and RNA polymerase[4][5] using optical tweezers in the group of Steven Block. Shaevitz then moved to the University of California, Berkeley as a Miller Fellow. There, he focused on the motility of bacteria, including the actin-propelled Rickettsia rickettsii,[6] Myxococcus xanthus,[7] and the wall-less Spiroplasma.[8] Since 2007, Shaevitz has been on the faculty of Princeton University with appointments in the Department of Physics and the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics where he holds the rank of Professor.

Research

Shaevitz's work focuses on precision measurements in a variety of biological systems, focusing on topics related to cell shape in bacteria, active matter and pattern formation in groups of moving cells, and the quantification of animal behavior.

His group pioneered the use of 3D live-cell imaging to study the shape of bacteria during growth. In a series of papers, Shaevitz and colleagues unraveled how a cell-wall insertion mechanism with helical coordination can produce cells with the correct shape in both rod and helical cells.[9][10][11][12] His group also studies bacterial cell mechanics, including bending rigidity,[13] turgor pressure and cell wall stiffness,[14] and pressure regulation.[15][16]

Shaevitz also has worked on the mechanisms of gliding motility and collective behavior in the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. This work includes measurement of the mechanochemistry of individual gliding motors inside live bacteria[17][18] and the connection between active matter phase transitions and evolutionarily advantageous fruiting body formation.[19][20]

A third thread to Shaevitz's research involves the quantification of animal behavior using supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Shaevitz and Princeton Neuroscience professor Mala Murthy published an automated system (LEAP) for measuring animal pose from large movie data sets.[21] This has recently been extended to multi-animal data in a package called SLEAP.[22] His work has extended to understanding the dynamics of animal behavior through unsupervised clustering methods in collaboration with Princeton Physics colleague William Bialek and others.[23][24][25][26]

Scientific activities

Awards and honors

  • Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society for "fundamental contributions to the understanding of the mechanics and dynamics of biological systems, from single molecules to cell collectives to behaving animals, through the development of new techniques for precision measurement", 2019[27]
  • Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), 2009[28]
  • Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences, 2009[29]
  • Sloan Research Fellowship, 2008[30]
  • Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science Postdoctoral Fellowship, 2004–2007
  • Physics Department Alfred Moritz Michaelis Award, Columbia University, 1999
  • I. I. Rabi Scholarship, Columbia University, 1995–1999

References

  1. ↑ "Joshua Shaevitz | Department of Physics". https://phy.princeton.edu/people/joshua-shaevitz. 
  2. ↑ "Shaevitz Lab @ Princeton | Experimental Biophysics from Molecules to Cells to Animals". https://shaevitzlab.princeton.edu/. 
  3. ↑ Block, Steven M.; Asbury, Charles L.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Lang, Matthew J. (2003-03-04). "Probing the kinesin reaction cycle with a 2D optical force clamp". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (5): 2351–2356. doi:10.1073/pnas.0436709100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 12591957. Bibcode: 2003PNAS..100.2351B. 
  4. ↑ Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Abbondanzieri, Elio A.; Landick, Robert; Block, Steven M. (2003-12-11). "Backtracking by single RNA polymerase molecules observed at near-base-pair resolution". Nature 426 (6967): 684–687. doi:10.1038/nature02191. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 14634670. Bibcode: 2003Natur.426..684S. 
  5. ↑ Abbondanzieri, Elio A.; Greenleaf, William J.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Landick, Robert; Block, Steven M. (2005-11-24). "Direct observation of base-pair stepping by RNA polymerase". Nature 438 (7067): 460–465. doi:10.1038/nature04268. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16284617. Bibcode: 2005Natur.438..460A. 
  6. ↑ Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Fletcher, Daniel A. (2007-10-02). "Load fluctuations drive actin network growth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 (40): 15688–15692. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702601104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 17895390. Bibcode: 2007PNAS..10415688S. 
  7. ↑ Mignot, Tâm; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Hartzell, Patricia L.; Zusman, David R. (2007-02-09). "Evidence that focal adhesion complexes power bacterial gliding motility". Science 315 (5813): 853–856. doi:10.1126/science.1137223. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 17289998. Bibcode: 2007Sci...315..853M. 
  8. ↑ Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Lee, Joanna Y.; Fletcher, Daniel A. (2005-09-23). "Spiroplasma swim by a processive change in body helicity". Cell 122 (6): 941–945. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.07.004. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 16179261. 
  9. ↑ van Teeffelen, Sven; Wang, Siyuan; Furchtgott, Leon; Huang, Kerwyn Casey; Wingreen, Ned S.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Gitai, Zemer (2011-09-20). "The bacterial actin MreB rotates, and rotation depends on cell-wall assembly". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 (38): 15822–15827. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108999108. ISSN 1091-6490. PMID 21903929. Bibcode: 2011PNAS..10815822V. 
  10. ↑ Wang, Siyuan; Furchtgott, Leon; Huang, Kerwyn Casey; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2012-03-06). "Helical insertion of peptidoglycan produces chiral ordering of the bacterial cell wall". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (10): E595–604. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117132109. ISSN 1091-6490. PMID 22343529. 
  11. ↑ Bartlett, Thomas M.; Bratton, Benjamin P.; Duvshani, Amit; Miguel, Amanda; Sheng, Ying; Martin, Nicholas R.; Nguyen, Jeffrey P.; Persat, Alexandre et al. (2017-01-12). "A Periplasmic Polymer Curves Vibrio cholerae and Promotes Pathogenesis". Cell 168 (1–2): 172–185.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.019. ISSN 1097-4172. PMID 28086090. 
  12. ↑ Taylor, Jennifer A.; Bratton, Benjamin P.; Sichel, Sophie R.; Blair, Kris M.; Jacobs, Holly M.; DeMeester, Kristen E.; Kuru, Erkin; Gray, Joe et al. (2020-01-09). "Distinct cytoskeletal proteins define zones of enhanced cell wall synthesis in Helicobacter pylori". eLife 9. doi:10.7554/eLife.52482. ISSN 2050-084X. PMID 31916938. 
  13. ↑ Wang, Siyuan; Arellano-Santoyo, Hugo; Combs, Peter A.; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2010-05-18). "Actin-like cytoskeleton filaments contribute to cell mechanics in bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (20): 9182–9185. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911517107. ISSN 1091-6490. PMID 20439764. Bibcode: 2010PNAS..107.9182W. 
  14. ↑ Deng, Yi; Sun, Mingzhai; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2011-10-07). "Direct measurement of cell wall stress stiffening and turgor pressure in live bacterial cells". Physical Review Letters 107 (15): 158101. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.158101. ISSN 1079-7114. PMID 22107320. Bibcode: 2011PhRvL.107o8101D. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22107320. 
  15. ↑ Pilizota, Teuta; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2013-06-18). "Plasmolysis and cell shape depend on solute outer-membrane permeability during hyperosmotic shock in E. coli". Biophysical Journal 104 (12): 2733–2742. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.05.011. ISSN 1542-0086. PMID 23790382. Bibcode: 2013BpJ...104.2733P. 
  16. ↑ Pilizota, Teuta; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2014-10-21). "Origins of Escherichia coli growth rate and cell shape changes at high external osmolality". Biophysical Journal 107 (8): 1962–1969. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.025. ISSN 1542-0086. PMID 25418177. Bibcode: 2014BpJ...107.1962P. 
  17. ↑ Sun, Mingzhai; Wartel, Morgane; Cascales, Eric; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Mignot, Tâm (2011-05-03). "Motor-driven intracellular transport powers bacterial gliding motility". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 (18): 7559–7564. doi:10.1073/pnas.1101101108. ISSN 1091-6490. PMID 21482768. 
  18. ↑ Balagam, Rajesh; Litwin, Douglas B.; Czerwinski, Fabian; Sun, Mingzhai; Kaplan, Heidi B.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Igoshin, Oleg A. (May 2014). "Myxococcus xanthus gliding motors are elastically coupled to the substrate as predicted by the focal adhesion model of gliding motility". PLOS Computational Biology 10 (5): e1003619. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003619. ISSN 1553-7358. PMID 24810164. Bibcode: 2014PLSCB..10E3619B. 
  19. ↑ Thutupalli, Shashi; Sun, Mingzhai; Bunyak, Filiz; Palaniappan, Kannappan; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2015-08-06). "Directional reversals enable Myxococcus xanthus cells to produce collective one-dimensional streams during fruiting-body formation". Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 12 (109): 20150049. doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0049. ISSN 1742-5662. PMID 26246416. 
  20. ↑ Liu, Guannan; Patch, Adam; Bahar, Fatmagül; Yllanes, David; Welch, Roy D.; Marchetti, M. Cristina; Thutupalli, Shashi; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2019-06-21). "Self-Driven Phase Transitions Drive Myxococcus xanthus Fruiting Body Formation". Physical Review Letters 122 (24): 248102. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.248102. ISSN 1079-7114. PMID 31322369. Bibcode: 2019PhRvL.122x8102L. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31322369. 
  21. ↑ Pereira, Talmo D.; Aldarondo, Diego E.; Willmore, Lindsay; Kislin, Mikhail; Wang, Samuel S.-H.; Murthy, Mala; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (January 2019). "Fast animal pose estimation using deep neural networks". Nature Methods 16 (1): 117–125. doi:10.1038/s41592-018-0234-5. ISSN 1548-7105. PMID 30573820. 
  22. ↑ Pereira, Talmo D.; Tabris, Nathaniel; Li, Junyu; Ravindranath, Shruthi; Papadoyannis, Eleni S.; Wang, Z. Yan; Turner, David M.; McKenzie-Smith, Grace et al. (2020-09-02). "SLEAP: Multi-animal pose tracking" (in en). bioRxiv: 2020.08.31.276246. doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.276246. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.276246v1. 
  23. ↑ Berman, Gordon J.; Choi, Daniel M.; Bialek, William; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2014-10-06). "Mapping the stereotyped behaviour of freely moving fruit flies". Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 11 (99). doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.0672. ISSN 1742-5662. PMID 25142523. 
  24. ↑ Berman, Gordon J.; Bialek, William; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (18 October 2016). "Predictability and hierarchy in Drosophila behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113 (42): 11943–11948. doi:10.1073/pnas.1607601113. ISSN 1091-6490. PMID 27702892. Bibcode: 2016PNAS..11311943B. 
  25. ↑ Klibaite, Ugne; Berman, Gordon J.; Cande, Jessica; Stern, David L.; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (16 February 2017). "An unsupervised method for quantifying the behavior of paired animals". Physical Biology 14 (1): 015006. doi:10.1088/1478-3975/aa5c50. ISSN 1478-3975. PMID 28140374. Bibcode: 2017PhBio..14a5006K. 
  26. ↑ Cande, Jessica; Namiki, Shigehiro; Qiu, Jirui; Korff, Wyatt; Card, Gwyneth M.; Shaevitz, Joshua W.; Stern, David L.; Berman, Gordon J. (26 June 2018). "Optogenetic dissection of descending behavioral control in Drosophila". eLife 7. doi:10.7554/eLife.34275. ISSN 2050-084X. PMID 29943729. 
  27. ↑ "APS Fellow Archive" (in en). http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm. 
  28. ↑ "The Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers: Recipient Details | NSF - National Science Foundation". https://www.nsf.gov/awards/PECASE/recip_details.jsp;jsessionid=D0A7CAD92D680235DFCFEE7D4930CBAE?pecase_id=276. 
  29. ↑ "Pew Biomedical Scholars: Joshua W. Shaevitz, Ph.D.". https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/projects/pew-biomedical-scholars/directory-of-pew-scholars/2009/joshua-shaevitz. 
  30. ↑ "Five awarded Sloan Research Fellowships" (in en). https://www.princeton.edu/news/2008/03/05/five-awarded-sloan-research-fellowships. 

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