Biography:Wan Azizah Wan Ismail

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Short description: Malaysian politician (born 1952)

Template:Malay name

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Wan Azizah binti Wan Ismail[lower-alpha 2] (born 3 December 1952) is a Malaysian politician who served as the spouse of the prime minister of Malaysia as the wife of Anwar Ibrahim. A member of the People's Justice Party, she is the first woman to served as deputy prime minister of Malaysia, a position she held from 2018 to 2020.

Born in Singapore, Wan Azizah graduated from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. She practised medicine, specialised in ophthalmology, and served as a government doctor for 14 years before leaving in 1993. Entering politics in 1998 after her husband's dismissal, she led the Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". movement and founded the National Justice Party (PKN), later People's Justice Party (PKR), becoming the second woman to lead a parliamentary party in Malaysia. She won the Permatang Pauh seat in 1999, retained it in 2004, and briefly stepped aside in 2008 for her husband's return, but continued to lead PKR as it grew into an opposition force.

Wan Azizah became Malaysia's first female leader of the Opposition in April 2008, but resigned later that year to allow her husband to succeed her. During her time in opposition, she spoke out on human rights issues, and was active in domestic debates on Malay supremacy, governance, and land issues. She continued her political career, winning the Kajang by-election in 2014 and later reclaiming Permatang Pauh in 2015. She won the Pandan seat in 2018 and became Malaysia's first female deputy prime minister, while also serving as minister of women, family and community development. She left office during the 2020 political crisis but returned to the Dewan Rakyat in 2022 after winning the Bandar Tun Razak seat. Following her husband's appointment as prime minister that year, she became the spouse of the prime minister.

Early life and education

Wan Azizah was born on 3 December 1952 at KK Women's and Children's Hospital in Singapore.[2] Her father was Wan Ismail Wan Mahmood, and her mother, Mariah Khamis, raised her along with her three sisters and one brother.[3] She is of Peranakan Chinese descent and was raised as a Malay Muslim.[4] She began her education at St. Nicholas Convent School before continuing her secondary studies at Tunku Kurshiah College.[5] She went on to study medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland,[6] where she received a gold medal in obstetrics and gynaecology.[7]

Wan Azizah established a medical practice where she primarily treated women,[8] later specialising in ophthalmology.[9][10] She served as a government doctor for 14 years before resigning in 1993.[11][8][12] That same year, she shifted from her medical career to roles more closely associated with political life, taking on honorary positions, hosting visiting dignitaries,[13] and becoming a patron of the National Cancer Council.[11]

Early political career

Wan Azizah entered politics in September 1998 following the dismissal and arrest of her husband Anwar Ibrahim on charges of sodomy and corruption.[14] The event drew widespread domestic and international criticism and led her to assume leadership of the Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". movement.[lower-alpha 3][16] She founded the Social Justice Movement,[17] later named the National Justice Party (PKN) in April 1999.[6] She was the second woman in Malaysia to lead a political party[18] and the first to do so with parliamentary representation after winning the Permatang Pauh seat with a 9,077-vote majority that year.[17][19]

She promoted reform and attempted to unite opposition forces to confront Mahathir's government, although she was unsuccessful in preventing his party from retaining a supermajority in the 1999 general election.[20] Wan Azizah rejected the idea of Malay unity as the central political issue following the election. Instead, she argued that Malay support had shifted to the opposition due to disillusionment with leadership, abuses of power, corruption, police brutality, mismanagement of the economy, and a judiciary that was seen to lack independence.[21]

In August 2003, PKN merged with the Malaysian People's Party (PRM) to become the People's Justice Party (PKR),[6] with Wan Azizah as president.[22] She contested the 2004 general election on the ticket of the new party and retained the Permatang Pauh seat by a margin of 590 votes and became the PKR's sole representative in Parliament.[6][23] In 2007, Wan Azizah indicated her readiness to vacate the party presidency when Anwar announced his intention to return to politics despite being legally barred.[24][25] She also relinquished the Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat, allowing Anwar, running as a PKR candidate, to win the by-election.[6][26] Under her continued leadership, the PKR won 31 seats in the 2008 general election,[22] during which she defended her Permatang Pauh seat with a majority of 13,388 votes.[27]

Leader of the Opposition

On 30 April 2008, Wan Azizah became the first woman to hold the post of leader of the Opposition.[28] Her position was acknowledged during coalition negotiations by the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, led by Mahathir Mohamad and Muhyiddin Yassin. This recognition helped sustain the PKR's leadership role within the opposition despite internal divisions and uncertainty over succession.[29] That same year, Wan Azizah sent a letter to Myanmar's ambassador expressing concern over the military junta's decision to proceed with a constitutional referendum despite the ongoing Cyclone Nargis crisis. She submitted a motion urging Speaker Pandikar Amin Mulia to call for a postponement of the vote, to prioritise relief efforts and to press the regime to grant greater access to aid workers. She also called on the Malaysian government to use its influence to advocate for a delay, though the motion was rejected on the grounds of Malaysia's policy of neutrality and noninterference.[30] Her tenure as opposition leader ended on 28 August 2008,[31] when she resigned to make way for her husband,[32] who succeeded her.[33]

In 2010, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail called for the abolition of Malay supremacy, highlighting its exploitation by a small elite and advocating for Malaysian children to grow up as "Malay of Integrity."[34] In June 2011, she faced a RM200 million defamation suit filed by Federal Land Development Authority (Felda) over articles in Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., with the High Court deciding her case would be heard separately from a related suit against former deputy minister Tan Kee Kwong.[35] In April 2012, she urged Felda to return Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". of Sabah land, arguing the agency had failed to develop it for settlers and had converted it into profitable palm oil plantations.[36] In 2013, she confirmed she would not contest the general election, focusing instead on the PKR's campaign and engaging women voters.[37]

In 2014, the High Court ruled in favour of Felda, raising the defamation damages Wan Azizah and her co-defendants were required to pay from RM70,000 to RM2 million.[38] Later that year, on 9 March, the PKR selected Wan Azizah as its candidate for the Kajang by-election,[39] and she won the seat on 23 March with a majority of 5,379 votes.[40][41] In August, she received support from the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party to lead Selangor, a move by the opposition to challenge the long-ruling UMNO-led Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, which had faced criticism over governance and ethnic policies.[42]

Wan Azizah later contested the Permatang Pauh seat for the PKR,[43] winning with a majority of 8,841 votes,[44] and was sworn in as opposition leader on 18 May 2015, reclaiming the seat vacated by Anwar following his imprisonment in February.[45] In 2016, she helped forge an alliance between the opposition coalition and Mahathir's Malaysian United Indigenous Party. By January 2018, the coalition, known as the Alliance of Hope, designated Mahathir as its prime ministerial candidate and Wan Azizah as his prospective deputy, uniting diverse factions and contributing to BN's defeat in the 2018 general election.[46] Wan Azizah subsequently contested and won the Pandan seat with a majority of 52,543 votes.[47]

Deputy Prime Minister

Wan Azizah and Narendra Modi in 2018

Following the general election, she was appointed as deputy prime minister in the seventh Mahathir cabinet and took office on 21 May 2018 after securing 64,733 votes.[1] She became the first woman to hold the position[1][48] and was sworn in before Muhammad V of Kelantan at Istana Negara, alongside 13 other cabinet ministers, while also serving concurrently as minister of women, family and community development.[1]

During her time in office, Wan Azizah made several diplomatic visits. On 26 February 2019, she held a meeting with Hassanal Bolkiah during her first official visit to Brunei.[49] Later that year, on 9 July, she met with Vice President of China Wang Qishan at Zhongnanhai.[50] On 12 February 2020, she publicly honoured three women whistle-blowers from the Auditor General's Office for exposing tampering in the 1MDB audit report, praising their courage and calling for greater female involvement in anti-corruption efforts.[51] On the following day, she urged women's empowerment and greater engagement at an APEC symposium in Putrajaya, highlighting the need for education, advocacy, and safe reporting channels to combat corruption.[52]

According to former attorney-general Tommy Thomas, Wan Azizah was the preferred candidate of Abdullah of Pahang for interim prime minister following Mahathir’s resignation in February 2020.[53] She officially left office on 25 February 2020.[54][55] Her tenure as deputy prime minister ended when Abdullah dissolved the cabinet on Mahathir's advice, amid the 2020 political crisis, which involved the resignation and interim reinstatement of the prime minister.[56] Her successor, Ismail Sabri Yaakob, was appointed later, in July 2021, by Prime Minister Muhyiddin.[57][58]

Later life

Yoshiko Ishiba and Wan Azizah in 2025

In the 2022 general election on 19 November, Wan Azizah won the Bandar Tun Razak parliamentary seat with a majority of 9,817 votes, defeating candidates from Perikatan Nasional and BN.[59] Her husband was sworn in as Malaysia's prime minister on 24 November 2022,[60][61] making her the spouse of the Prime Minister of Malaysia.[62] She later participated in a mental health discussion at the APEC United States 2023 on 17 November, hosted by Jill Biden, where she highlighted concerns over artificial intelligence and data privacy's impact on mental well-being.[63] On 9 September 2024, Wan Azizah called for global action to end the Gaza war and prioritise rebuilding educational institutions, emphasising that education is a fundamental right and vital for children's survival.[64] On 10 January 2025, she welcomed Yoshiko Ishiba, wife of Shigeru Ishiba, in Putrajaya.[65]

Personal life

Wan Azizah married Anwar Ibrahim on 28 February 1980, and the couple have six children,[66] the eldest being Nurul Izzah, a member of parliament.[67] In November 2022, she declared assets worth about RM1.4 million, including RM1 million in cash and savings and four vehicles valued at RM360,000, with no debts, property, or other investments.[68] She accompanied her husband to perform Umrah on 12 November 2023, where they also prayed for peace and prosperity in Palestine following the OIC Extraordinary Summit in Riyadh.[69] In October 2024, Wan Azizah underwent a medical procedure at Sultan Idris Shah Hospital in Serdang.[70]

Election results

Parliament of Malaysia[71][72]
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1999 P044 Permatang Pauh Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (keADILan) 23,820 61.77% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Ibrahim Saad (UMNO) 14,743 38.23% 39,210 9,077 78.94%
2004 Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 21,737 50.69% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Pirdaus Ismail (UMNO) 21,147 49.31% 43,734 590 80.93%
2008 Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 30,338 64.16% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Pirdaus Ismail (UMNO) 16,950 35.84% 47,442 13,388 81.17%
2015 Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 30,316 57.09% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Suhaimi Sabudin (UMNO) 21,475 40.44% 53,102 8,841 74.53%
2018 P100 Pandan rowspan=4 Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 64,733 75.47% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Leong Kok Wee (MCA) 12,190 14.21% 85,774 52,543 84.66%
Template:Party shading/PAS | Mohamed Sukri Omar (PAS) 8,335 9.72%
Lee Ying Ha (PRM) 442 0.52%
Wan Muhd Azri Wan Deris (IND) 73 0.09%
2022 P124 Bandar Tun Razak rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/PH | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 43,476 46.74% Kamarudin Jaffar (BERSATU) 33,659 36.18% 93,021 9,817 78.74%
Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Chew Yin Keen (MCA) 15,886 17.08%
Selangor State Legislative Assembly
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
2014 N25 Kajang Template:Party shading/Keadilan | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) 16,741 59.57% Template:Party shading/Barisan Nasional | Chew Mei Fun (MCA) 11,362 40.43% 28,314 5,379 72.09%

Awards and honours

In 2008, Wan Azizah was awarded the Order of the Defender of State, carrying the title Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., during Penang's state honours in recognition of her contributions to public service and leadership.[73] She later received an honorary fellowship from the Academy of Medicine Malaysia on 7 July 2023,[74] followed by an honorary Doctorate of Philosophy in Political and Social Sciences from the University of Selangor on 9 September 2023.[75] She also had a new orchid hybrid named after her, during the launch of Orkid Putrajaya 2023, on 14 December of that year.[76]

On 26 April 2025, she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award in Ophthalmology by the Malaysian Society of Ophthalmology for her contributions to eye care and medical education.[10] On 14 June 2025, she was conferred the Eminent Educator Award by Nazrin Shah of Perak for her role in advancing medical education and the Parallel Pathway training programme in Malaysia.[77]

Notes

  1. ↑ Serving simultaneously as the Minister of Women, Family and Community Development.[1]
  2. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  3. ↑ Reformasi was a political movement that evolved into a wider push for democracy, human rights, and political reform in Malaysia.[15]

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ummu Atiyah Ahmad Zakuan (2019) (in en). Women in the house: leadership in the Malaysian parliament. IIUM Press. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-967-491-122-5. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/WOMEN_IN_THE_HOUSE_LEADERSHIP_IN_THE_MAL/h551EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Wan+Azizah+binti+Wan+Ismail+first+woman&pg=PA142&printsec=frontcover. 
  2. ↑ Sira Habibu; Rahimy Rahim (2014-09-03). "Party lists PKR president and deputy for Selangor MB post". The Star. http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/09/03/PAS-to-submit-two-names-Party-lists-PKR-president-and-deputy-for-Selangor-MB-post/. 
  3. ↑ "Datuk Dr Wan Ismail Wan Mahmud laid to rest in Ampang". https://bernama.com/en/news.php/?id=1798147. 
  4. ↑ Healy, Tim; Oorjitham, Santha (2000-11-30). "Readying for Elections?". Asiaweek. http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/99/0604/nat2.html. 
  5. ↑ Wong, Kayla; Lay, Belmont (2018-05-21). "Wan Azizah: Genial eye doctor, veteran opposition figure & M'sia deputy prime minister" (in en). https://mothership.sg/2018/05/wan-azizah-facts/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Ooi, Keat Gin (2009) (in en). The A to Z of Malaysia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 322-323. ISBN 978-1-4616-7199-2. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_A_to_Z_of_Malaysia/YVViEJmN99kC?. 
  7. ↑ Bissme S. (14 May 2017). "Wan Azizah – a pillar of strength". The Sun Daily. http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/05/15/wan-azizah-%E2%80%93-pillar-strength. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Esposito, John L.; Voll, John Obert (2001) (in en). Makers of Contemporary Islam. Oxford University Press. pp. 190. ISBN 978-0-19-514127-6. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Makers_of_Contemporary_Islam/eBqEBOXrEJgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Wan+Azizah+medical&pg=PA190&printsec=frontcover. 
  9. ↑ Norazalina (2021-07-16). "Doktor Mata Fasih Bahasa Inggeris & Hantar Anak-Anak Ke Sekolah Kebangsaan, Kesederhanaan DS Dr Wan Azizah Cukup Menawan!" (in ms). https://www.nona.my/doktor-mata-fasih-bahasa-inggeris-hantar-anak-anak-ke-sekolah-kebangsaan-kesederhanaan-ds-dr-wan-azizah-cukup-menawan/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 A’qilah Riduan Jaafar; Noor Hafizah Ahmad (2025-04-26). "Dr Wan Azizah awarded Lifetime Achievement Award in Ophthalmology" (in en). https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2025/04/1207703/dr-wan-azizah-awarded-lifetime-achievement-award-ophthalmology. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Suh, Sangwon; Ranawana, Arjuna (2000-01-07). "A Woman of Grace". http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/magazine/99/1231/year.azizah.html. 
  12. ↑ Pooi, Koon Chong; Schneider, Jodi (2018-08-08). "Malaysia Finds Champion for 'Invisible' Women in Deputy Premier". Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2018-08-08/malaysia-finds-champion-for-invisible-women-in-deputy-premier?embedded-checkout=true. 
  13. ↑ O'Clery, Conor (2008) (in en). May You Live in Interesting Times. Poolbeg Press. ISBN 978-1-84223-325-2. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/May_You_Live_in_Interesting_Times/ZZ8tDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Wan+Azizah+1993&pg=PT251&printsec=frontcover. 
  14. ↑ Weber, Maria, ed (2000) (in en). After the Asian Crisis: Perspectives on Global Politics and Economics. Macmillan Press. pp. 52. ISBN 978-0-333-98298-3. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/After_the_Asian_Crisis/ElSEDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=anwar+ibrahim+1998&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover. 
  15. ↑ Zawawi Ibrahim, ed (2021-10-23) (in en). Discourses, Agency and Identity in Malaysia: Critical Perspectives. Springer Nature. pp. 260. ISBN 978-981-334-568-3. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Discourses_Agency_and_Identity_in_Malays/ofRJEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=reformasi+malaysia&pg=PA260&printsec=frontcover. 
  16. ↑ "Apology ends Anwar's suit over beating". The New York Times. 2005-08-04. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/03/world/asia/03iht-malaysia.html. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Nurul Izzah Anwar (2024-03-04). "Datuk Seri Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail: Dignity & Courage Under Fire" (in en-US). https://voiceofasean.com/features/datuk-seri-dr-wan-azizah-wan-ismail-dignity-courage-under-fire/. 
  18. ↑ Zaireeni Azmi; Noraida Endut; Nor Hafizah Selamat; Muhammad Rahimi Hasan (2024). Men as allies in shaping a gender equitable society: perspectives from Malaysia. Align Platform. p. 16. https://www.alignplatform.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/align-malaysiacountry-report-may24-final-v2.pdf. 
  19. ↑ "BN retains two-thirds majority". 2001-04-04. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/1465. 
  20. ↑ Aspinall, Edward (2005) (in en). Opposing Suharto: Compromise, Resistance, and Regime Change in Indonesia. Stanford University Press. pp. 249. ISBN 978-0-8047-4844-5. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Opposing_Suharto/n_DqinpeaLMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Wan+Azizah+opposition&pg=PA249&printsec=frontcover. 
  21. ↑ Nathan, K. S. (2002). "Malaysia: 11 September and the Politics of Incumbency" (in en). Southeast Asian Affairs 2002 (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies): 162. ISBN 978-981-230-160-4. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Southeast_Asian_Affairs_2002/aZ8qP3iwKOQC?. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Bertrand, Jacques (2013) (in en). Political Change in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 105. ISBN 978-0-521-88377-1. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Political_Change_in_Southeast_Asia/z0WW1ui4uWMC?. 
  23. ↑ "#GE13* Wan Azizah warns of electoral fraud on polling day". 2013-05-02. https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/ge13-wan-azizah-warns-electoral-fraud-polling-day. 
  24. ↑ "Wan Azizah agrees to make way for Anwar". 2007-03-04. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=47936. 
  25. ↑ "Malaysia: Anwar Ibrahim to make political comeback". 2007-03-14. http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/asiapac/programs/s1869902.htm. 
  26. ↑ "Website says Anwar wins Malaysia vote with big majority". 2008-08-26. http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKKLR31057520080826. 
  27. ↑ "PKR playing musical chairs in Permatang Pauh" (in en-US). 2017-03-31. https://themalaysianreserve.com/2017/03/31/pkr-playing-musical-chairs-in-permatang-pauh/. 
  28. ↑ Lee, Yuk Peng; Loh, Foon Fong (2008-03-20). "PKR president poised to make history as first woman Opposition Leader". The Star. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/3/20/nation/20702955&sec=nation. 
  29. ↑ Chai, James (2024) (in en). Party of Hardship: The Evolution of Malaysia's Parti Keadilan Rakyat. ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 26. ISBN 978-981-5203-62-2. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Party_of_Hardship_The_Evolution_of_Malay/8TQVEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Wan+Azizah+opposition&pg=PA26&printsec=frontcover. 
  30. ↑ Rüland, Anchalee (2022) (in en). Norms in Conflict: Southeast Asia's Response to Human Rights Violations in Myanmar. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 147. ISBN 978-0-8131-8372-5. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Norms_in_Conflict/I8IxEAAAQBAJ?. 
  31. ↑ "Anwar Ibrahim: a timeline of political turmoil" (in en-AU). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2015-02-10. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-10/anwar-ibrahim/6083644. 
  32. ↑ Bennett, Clinton (2010) (in en). Muslim Women of Power: Gender, Politics and Culture in Islam. Continuum. pp. 5. ISBN 978-0-8264-0087-1. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Muslim_Women_of_Power/zRhhvNHZRX8C?. 
  33. ↑ "Anwar sworn in as Malaysian MP" (in en). Al Jazeera. 2008-08-28. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/8/28/anwar-sworn-in-as-malaysian-mp. 
  34. ↑ Wong, Kayla; Lay, Belmont (2018-05-16). "The Straits Times accused of misreporting M’sia’s DPM Wan Azizah. Here’s why it’s sensitive." (in en-US). https://mothership.sg/2018/05/st-accused-misreporting-malaysia-wan-azizah-sensitive/. 
  35. ↑ "Felda’s suits against Wan Azizah, Tan Kee Wong to be heard separately" (in en-US). Bernama. 2011-06-28. https://www.theborneopost.com/2011/06/28/felda%E2%80%99s-suits-against-wan-azizah-tan-kee-wong-to-be-heard-separately/. 
  36. ↑ "FELDA should return 306,000 acres to Sabah – Wan Azizah - Borneo Post Online" (in en-US). 2012-04-24. https://www.theborneopost.com/2012/04/24/felda-should-return-306000-acres-to-sabah-wan-azizah/. 
  37. ↑ "Wan Azizah to give GE13 a miss" (in en-US). Bernama. 2013-04-12. https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/12/wan-azizah-to-give-ge13-a-miss/. 
  38. ↑ "Sept 14 date for Wan Azizah appeal against Felda defamation damages - Nation". Bernama. 2018-07-23. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/07/23/sept-14-date-for-wan-azizah-appeal-against-felda-defamation-damages/. 
  39. ↑ Aw, Nigel (2014-03-09). "Wan Azizah to replace Anwar in Kajang". http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/256501. 
  40. ↑ Ng, Eileen (2014-03-23). "Barisan claims to regain Chinese support despite losing Kajang by-election". http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/barisan-claims-to-regain-chinese-support-despite-losing-kajang-by-election. 
  41. ↑ "Anwar's wife triumphs in by-election" (in en-US). 2014-03-24. https://www.nationthailand.com/international/30229960. 
  42. ↑ "Malaysia opposition averts rift as Islamic party toes line" (in en-AU). Associated Press. 2014-08-18. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-18/malaysia-opposition-parties-avoid-rift/5677074. 
  43. ↑ "Election Commission expects Permatang Pauh by-election results by 9pm polling day". The Malaysian Insider. 2015-04-25. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/election-commission-expects-permatang-pauh-by-election-results-by-9pm-polli. 
  44. ↑ "Official: PKR retains Pmtg Pauh, smaller majority". Malaysiakini. 2015-05-07. http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/297557. 
  45. ↑ Domínguez, Gabriel (2015-05-19). "The binding task" (in en). https://www.dw.com/en/anwars-wife-tasked-with-cementing-malaysian-opposition/a-18457984. 
  46. ↑ Schäfer, Saskia (2022). Aljunied, Khairudin. ed. "Islamization in Malaysia and Its Discontents" (in en). Routledge Handbook of Islam in Southeast Asia (Routledge): 416. ISBN 978-1-000-54504-3. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Routledge_Handbook_of_Islam_in_Southeast/-jxZEAAAQBAJ?. 
  47. ↑ Tan, Rex (2022-08-05). "Rafizi set to contest Pandan seat in GE15, replacing Dr Wan Azizah" (in en). https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/08/05/rafizi-set-to-contest-pandan-seat-in-ge15-replacing-dr-wan-azizah/21211. 
  48. ↑ Karupiah, Premalatha, ed (2022) (in en). A Kaleidoscope of Malaysian Indian Women’s Lived Experiences: Gender‐Ethnic Intersectionality and Cultural Socialisation. Springer Nature. pp. 79. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-5876-2. ISBN 978-981-19-5876-2. https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/A_Kaleidoscope_of_Malaysian_Indian_Women/98qWEAAAQBAJ?. 
  49. ↑ Ain Bandial (2019-02-27). "Dr Wan Azizah: New Malaysian gov't keen to expand cooperation with Brunei" (in en-GB). http://thescoop.co/2019/02/27/dr-wan-azizah-new-malaysian-govt-keen-to-expand-cooperation-with-brunei/. 
  50. ↑ "Wang Qishan Meets with Deputy Prime Minister Wan Azizah Wan Ismail of Malaysia". 2019-07-10. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/2732_663468/2734_663472/202406/t20240607_11410806.html. 
  51. ↑ Babulal, Veena (2020-02-12). "Wan Azizah pays tribute to women whistle-blowers" (in en). https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/564825/wan-azizah-pays-tribute-women-whistle-blowers. 
  52. ↑ APEC Secretariat (2020-02-13). "Empower Women to Fight Corruption: Dr Wan Azizah" (in en). APEC. https://www.apec.org/press/news-releases/2020/0213_actwg. 
  53. ↑ "King wanted Dr Wan Azizah as interim PM but Dr M nominated himself, says ex-AG" (in en). 2021-01-31. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/01/31/king-wanted-dr-wan-azizah-as-interim-pm-but-dr-m-nominated-himself-says-ex-ag. 
  54. ↑ Sarah Rahim (2020-02-25). "Dr Wan Azizah makes an emotional, tearful exit [NSTTV"] (in en). https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/568964/dr-wan-azizah-makes-emotional-tearful-exit-nsttv. 
  55. ↑ "Dr Wan Azizah bids farewell to ministry staff" (in en). 2020-02-25. https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/02/25/dr-wan-azizah-bids-farewell-to-ministry-staff/1840873. 
  56. ↑ Babulal, Veena (2020-02-26). "Anwar to Wan Azizah: #tilljannah" (in en). New Straits Times. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/02/569208/anwar-wan-azizah-tilljannah#google_vignette. 
  57. ↑ "Ismail Sabri appointed DPM, Hishammuddin now senior minister". 2021-07-07. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/582092. 
  58. ↑ Tho Xin Yi (2021-07-07). "Muhyiddin reshuffles Malaysian Cabinet, promoting Ismail Sabri to deputy prime minister". Channel News Asia. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-cabinet-reshuffle-muhyiddin-ismail-sabri-hishammuddin-15172656. 
  59. ↑ "GE15: Wan Azizah wins Bandar Tun Razak seat" (in en). 2022-11-19. https://international.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/ge15-wan-azizah-wins-bandar-tun-razak-seat-392658. 
  60. ↑ "Anwar Ibrahim appointed as Malaysia's 10th Prime Minister" (in en). Bernama. 2022-11-24. https://pru15.bernama.com/news-en.php?id=2141779. 
  61. ↑ "'Waited 24 years for this': Malaysians celebrate Anwar's rise" (in en). Al Jazeera. 2022-11-25. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/25/malaysians-celebrate-anwar-ibrahims-rise-to-prime-minister. 
  62. ↑ "Malaysia's PM Ibrahim's swearing-in ceremony in Kuala Lumpur". 2022-11-25. https://www.reutersconnect.com/item/malaysias-pm-ibrahims-swearing-in-ceremony-in-kuala-lumpur/dGFnOnJldXRlcnMuY29tLDIwMjI6bmV3c21sX1JDMkFTWDlNOTQ4Wg. 
  63. ↑ Wee, Jared (2023-11-18). "Blackpink’s Rosé and Dr Wan Azizah speak at APEC mental health event hosted by Jill Biden (VIDEO)" (in en-MY). https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/blackpink-ros-dr-wan-azizah-062125304.html. 
  64. ↑ "Be Vocal In Stopping Gaza War And Rebuilding Education Institutions - Dr Wan Azizah" (in en). Bernama. 2024-09-09. https://bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2338664. 
  65. ↑ "Japanese PM’s Wife Enjoys Cruise Around Tasik Putrajaya" (in en). Bernama. 2025-10-01. https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php/?id=2381027. 
  66. ↑ "Malaysia PM Anwar pays tribute to wife Wan Azizah on her birthday" (in en). https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/anwar-ibrahim-wife-birthday-wan-azizah-wan-ismail-malaysia-3122336. 
  67. ↑ "Nurul Izzah is most 'manja', Wan Azizah says in gameshow video" (in en-GB). Malaysiakini. 2018-01-01. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/407167. 
  68. ↑ "Wan Azizah declares RM1.4mil in assets" (in en-US). Free Malaysia Today. 2022-11-09. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2022/11/09/wan-azizah-declares-rm1-4mil-in-assets/. 
  69. ↑ "Anwar, Wan Azizah Perform Umrah, Pray For Peace In Palestine" (in en). Bernama. 2023-12-11. https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2243989. 
  70. ↑ "Wan Azizah recovering after undergoing medical procedure" (in en-MY). Bernama. 2024-10-07. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2024/10/07/wan-azizah-recovering-after-undergoing-medical-procedure/. 
  71. ↑ "Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri" (in ms). Election Commission of Malaysia. http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.php.  Percentage figures based on total turnout.
  72. ↑ "Malaysia General Election". undiinfo Malaysian Election Data. Malaysiakini. http://undi.info/.  Results only available from the 2004 election.
  73. ↑ "CJ and Dr Wan Azizah top Penang awards list". The Star. 10 July 2008. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/7/10/nation/20080710170019&sec=nation. 
  74. ↑ "Dr Wan Azizah Conferred Amm Honourary Fellowship" (in en). 2023-08-07. https://bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2204486. 
  75. ↑ "Unisel confers honorary doctorate on Dr Wan Azizah" (in en). 2023-09-09. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/09/09/unisel-confers-honorary-doctorate-on-dr-wan-azizah. 
  76. ↑ "New orchid hybrid named after Dr Wan Azizah" (in en). 2023-12-14. https://www.thestartv.com/v/new-orchid-hybrid-named-after-dr-wan-azizah. 
  77. ↑ "Dr Wan Azizah conferred Eminent Educator Award from College of Physicians Malaysia" (in en-US). 2025-06-14. https://themalaysianreserve.com/2025/06/14/dr-wan-azizah-conferred-eminent-educator-award-from-college-of-physicians-malaysia/. 
  78. ↑ "Darjah Panglima Pangkuan Negeri". Penang State Government Portal. Government of Penang. http://www.penang.gov.my/index.php?ch=21&pg=13&ac=105&lang=eng. 

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Party political offices
Preceded by
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". 		President of the People's Justice Party
1999–2018 		Succeeded by
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Leader of the People's Pact
2008
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Preceded by
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for Permatang Pauh
1999–2008 		Succeeded by
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Member of the Dewan Rakyat
for Permatang Pauh
2015–2018 		Succeeded by
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Preceded by
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for Pandan
2018–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by
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2008, 2015–2018 		Succeeded by
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Preceded by
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Preceded by
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2018–2020 		Succeeded by
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