Biology:Acanthosomatidae

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Acanthosomatidae is a family of Hemiptera, commonly named shield bugs and sometimes stink bugs. There are currently recognised about 200 species in the genera below, making it one of the least diverse families within Pentatomoidea.[1][2] The Acanthosomatidae species are found throughout the world, being most abundant in high-latitude temperate regions and in subtropical regions at high altitudes.[3]

One of the most well-known species in Acanthosomatidae is the hawthorn shield bug (Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale), which is found throughout Europe and also northern Siberia; this species is typically green or brown and has a distinctive shape with two projections on its thorax. It feeds on various plants, including hawthorn, rowan, and cherry.

Description

Acanthosomatidae have heads that are keeled laterally and possess a pair of five-segmented antennae. The mesosternum has a strongly projecting keel. The tarsi of the legs are bisegmented. The second visible abdominal sternite has an elongate spine that projects forward. The spiracles of the second abdominal segment are concealed by the metapleura. Abdominal sternite III has paired trichobothria. In males, sternite VIII is exposed, and there is a specialised genital capsule. In females, one or two pairs of Pendergrast's organs are present in the abdomen (sometimes absent, e.g. Elasmucha[3]) and sternite VII has an emarginate posterior margin.[4]

Acanthosomatidae are generally similar to Pentatomidae in appearance. Various sources distinguish them based on the number of tarsal segments, being two in acanthosomatids and three in pentatomids.[5][6] However, some pentatomids have bisegmented tarsi as well.[7]

Ecology

Acanthosomatidae are mostly herbivores on trees and shrubs. Host plants include Ficus, Hakea, Carex, Juncus, Cladium, and Dactylis. There are also records of predation (including cannibalism) and scavenging on carrion.[4]

Maternal care

Many species have females that take care of their offspring, guarding the eggs and nymphs. In these species, the Pendergrast's organs are absent or reduced and non-functional. Other species have a more limited form of care: females smear their eggs with secretions from the Pendergrast's organs (which may repel predators and parasitoids), then abandon the eggs. Egg smearing is an ancestral behaviour.[8]

Subfamilies and Genera

As of September 2026, BioLib[9] includes three subfamilies and the following genera:

unplaced genus
  • Allotriocochabambia Faúndez, Rider & Carvajal, 2014

Acanthosomatinae

  1. Acanthosoma Curtis, 1824
  2. Ameenocoris Ahmad & Moizuddin, 1990
  3. Amphaces Dallas, 1851
  4. Anaxandra (bug) Stål, 1876
  5. Catadipson Breddin, 1903
  6. Cyphostethus Fieber, 1860
  7. Elasmostethus Fieber, 1860
  8. Elasmucha Stål, 1864
  9. Eupolemus (bug) Distant, 1910
  10. Grossaria Kumar, 1974
  11. Lindbergicoris Leston, 1953
  12. Mahea Distant, 1909
  13. Microdeuterus Dallas, 1851
  14. Oncacontias Breddin, 1903
  15. Platacantha Lindberg, 1934
  16. Proctophantasta Breddin, 1903
  17. Rhopalimorpha Dallas, 1851
  18. Sastragala Amyot & Serville, 1843

Examples of species include:

Blaudusinae

tribe Blaudusini Kumar, 1974
  1. Andriscus (bug) Stål, 1876
  2. Bebaeus Dallas, 1851
  3. Blaudus Stål, 1872
  4. Duadicus Dallas, 1851
  5. Hiarchas Distant, 1910
  6. Mochus (bug) Distant, 1910
  7. Monteithiessa Kumar, 1974
  8. Noualhieridia Breddin, 1898
  9. Panaetius (bug) Stål, 1865
  10. Stauralia Dallas, 1851
  11. Xosa Kirkaldy, 1904
tribe Lanopini Kumar, 1974
  1. Abulites (bug) Stål, 1876
  2. Acrophyma Bergroth, 1917
  3. Anischys Dallas, 1851
  4. Aposinopla Carpintero & De Biase, 2020
  5. Ea (bug) Distant, 1911
  6. Galgacus Distant, 1899
  7. Hellica Stål, 1867
  8. Lanopis Signoret, 1863
  9. Phorbanta Stål, 1867
  10. Sinopla Signoret, 1864
  11. Sniploa Signoret, 1863

Ditomotarsinae

tribe Ditomotarsini Signoret, 1863
  1. Cylindrocnema Mayr, 1864
  2. Ditomotarsus Spinola, 1850
  3. Esbenia Jensen-Haarup, 1931
  4. Hyperbius (bug) Stål, 1867
  5. Ibocoris Roche, 1947
  6. Mazanoma Rolston & Kumar, 1975
  7. Nopalis Signoret, 1863
  8. Planois Signoret, 1864
  9. Praesus (bug) Stål, 1872
  10. Rolstonus Froeschner, 1997
  11. Tolono (bug) Rolston & Kumar, 1975
  12. Uhlunga Distant, 1892
tribe Laccophorellini Kumar, 1974
  1. Aesepus (bug) Stål, 1876
  2. Agamedes (bug) Stål, 1876
  3. Laccophorella Horváth, 1904
  4. Sangarius Stål, 1865

References

  1. ↑ Faúndez, E. I. 2009. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Acrophyma Bergroth, 1917 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae). Zootaxa. 2137: 57-65
  2. ↑ FaúNdez, Eduardo I. (2014-02-28). "A new genus for a Chilean species of Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)". Zootaxa 3768 (5): 596–600. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3768.5.7. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 24871197. http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3768.5.7. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Thomas, Donald B. (1991). "The Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera) of North America". The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 67 (3): 159––170. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/269527. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Family ACANTHOSOMATIDAE" (in en). https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/ACANTHOSOMATIDAE. 
  5. ↑ Larivière, M-C (1995). Fauna of New Zealand 35: Cydnidae, Acanthosomatidae, and Pentatomidae (Insecta: Heteroptera): systematics, geographical distribution, and bioecology. 35. Manaaki Whenua Press. doi:10.7931/j2/fnz.35. https://www.biotaxa.org/fnz/article/view/fnz.35. 
  6. ↑ Paiero, S. M.; Marshall, S. A.; McPherson, J. E.; Ma, M.-S. (2013). "Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and parent bugs (Acanthosomatidae) of Ontario and adjacent areas: A key to species and a review of the fauna". Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 24. doi:10.3752/cjai.2013.24. https://cjai.biologicalsurvey.ca/articles/pmmm-24/. 
  7. ↑ Rider, D. A. (2000-07-01). "Stirotarsinae, New Subfamily for Stirotarsus abnormis Bergroth (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)" (in en). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93 (4): 802–806. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0802:SNSFSA2.0.CO;2]. https://www.ndsu.edu/faculty/rider/Pentatomoidea/PDFs/R/Rider_2000a.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Tsai, Jing-Fu; Kudo, Shin-ichi; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (2015). "Maternal care in Acanthosomatinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae)—correlated evolution with morphological change" (in en). BMC Evolutionary Biology 15 (1): 258. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0537-4. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 26586480. Bibcode: 2015BMCEE..15..258T. 
  9. ↑ Biolib.cz: family Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1863 (retrieved 1 October 2026)

Wikidata ☰ Q2301203 entry



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