Biology:Aeshnoidea

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Aeshnoidea is a superfamily of dragonflies comprising the families Aeshnidae and Austropetaliidae.[1][2][3]

The superfamily also includes numerous extinct lineages known from Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils.[4]

Taxonomic history

The family-group name Aeshnoidea is attributed to Leach, 1815.[5]

Modern classifications recognise two extant families within the superfamily: Aeshnidae and Austropetaliidae.[1][2][3]

In 2016, Kohli and colleagues referred to the clade comprising Aeshnidae and Austropetaliidae as Aeshnoidea, while noting that it had been called Aeshnoptera by Bechly and colleagues.[4]

Taxonomic history

The superfamily Aeshnoidea was established by Leach in 1815.[5]

Modern classifications recognise two extant families within the superfamily: Aeshnidae and Austropetaliidae.[1][2][3]

The fossil clade Aeshnoptera, proposed by Bechly in 1996, broadly corresponds to Aeshnoidea and several extinct stem groups.[4]

Phylogeny

Phylogenetic studies support Aeshnoidea as a monophyletic group comprising Aeshnidae and Austropetaliidae.[1][6][7][8]

Within modern dragonflies, Aeshnoidea is generally recovered as the sister group to the remaining extant Anisoptera.[1][6]

Anisoptera
 

Aeshnoidea

 
 

Other dragonflies

 
 

Families

The following families are currently placed in Aeshnoidea:[3]

Fossil families

The superfamily includes numerous extinct families known from Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits, including:[9]

  • †Cymatophlebiidae Handlirsch, 1906[10]
  • †Eumorbaeschnidae Bechly et al., 2001[11]
  • †Liupanshaniidae Bechly et al., 2001[12]
  • †Mesuropetalidae Bechly, 1996
  • †Paracymatophlebiidae Bechly et al., 2001
  • †Progobiaeshnidae Bechly, Nel, Martínez-Delclòs et al., 2001[13]
  • †Rudiaeschnidae Bechly et al., 2001

Additional extinct families closely related to modern aeshnoids include:

  • †Burmaeshnidae Huang et al., 2017[14]
  • †Enigmaeshnidae Nel et al., 2008[15]
  • †Libanoaeshnidae Azar, Maksoud, Abi-Saad & Nel, 2024[16]
  • †Primumaeshnidae Pouillon & Nel, 2020[17]

Fossil record

The oldest known crown-group dragonflies are the paracymatophlebiid †Sinocymatophlebia and the indeterminate aeshnoid †Propecymatophlebia, known from the Middle Jurassic of China.[4][18]

Etymology

The superfamily name Aeshnoidea is derived from the type genus Aeshna and the zoological suffix -oidea, used for superfamilies.

The origin of the genus name Aeshna is uncertain, but it may derive from the Greek αἰσχύνω (aischynō, "to disfigure" or "to tarnish"), possibly through a transcription error.[19]

See also

  • List of dragonflies of the world

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.; Bechly, Günter; Bybee, Seth M.; Dow, Rory A.; Dumont, Henri J.; Fleck, Günther; Garrison, Rosser W.; Hämäläinen, Matti et al. (2013). "The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)" (in en). Zootaxa 3703 (1): 36–45. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.9. ISSN 1175-5334. https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3703.1.9. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Carvalho, Alcimar do Lago; Pessacq, Pablo (2018), "Chapter 14.1 - Superfamily Aeshnoidea", in Hamada, Neusa; Thorp, James H.; Rogers, D. Christopher, Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition), Academic Press, pp. 367–376, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804223-6.00015-9, ISBN 978-0-12-804223-6, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128042236000159, retrieved 2023-11-04 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. https://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list2/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Kohli, Manpreet Kaur; Ware, Jessica L.; Bechly, Günter (2016-03-18). "How to date a dragonfly: Fossil calibrations for odonates" (in en). Palaeontologia Electronica. doi:10.26879/576. https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/fc-8. Retrieved 2025-08-21. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Leach, W.E. (1815). "Entomology". in Brewster, D.. The Edinburgh Encyclopedia. 9 (reprint 1830 ed.). Edinburgh: William Blackburn. pp. 57-172 [136]. http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17493626. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bybee, S.M.; Ogden, T.H.; Branham, M.A.; Whiting, M.F. (2008). "Molecules, morphology and fossils: a comprehensive approach to odonate phylogeny and the evolution of the odonate wing". Cladistics 24 (4): 477–514. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00191.x. PMID 34879634. 
  7. ↑ Carle, F.L.; Kjer, K.M.; May, M.L. (2008). "Evolution of Odonata, with special reference to Coenagrionoidea (Zygoptera)". Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 66: 37–44. doi:10.3897/asp.66.e31679. 
  8. ↑ Davis, R.B.; Nicholson, D.B.; Saunders, E.L.R.; Mayhew, P.J. (2011). "Fossil gaps inferred from phylogenies alter the apparent nature of diversification in dragonflies and their relatives". BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 (1): 252–261. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-252. PMID 21917167. Bibcode: 2011BMCEE..11..252D. 
  9. ↑ "Paleobiology Database: Aeshnoidea". Paleobiology Database. https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=107095. 
  10. ↑ Zheng, Daran; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Chang, Su-Chin; Wang, Bo; Zhang, Haichun (2018-10-01). "New cymatophlebiid dragonflies from the Lower Cretaceous of China and England (Odonata: Anisoptera: Cymatophlebiinae, Valdaeshninae)". Cretaceous Research 90: 311–317. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.05.003. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019566711730530X. 
  11. ↑ Bechly, Günter; Kin, Adrian (2012). "First record of the fossil dragonfly family Eumorbaeschnidae from the Upper Jurassic of Poland" (in en). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0194. ISSN 0567-7920. https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app20110194.html. 
  12. ↑ Azar, Dany; Maksoud, Sibelle; Huang, Diying; Nel, André (2019-01-01). "First Lebanese dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata, Aeshnoptera, Cavilabiata) from the Arabo-African mid-Cretaceous paleocontinent". Cretaceous Research 93: 78–89. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.08.025. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667118302763. 
  13. ↑ Li, Yongjun; Nel, André; Ren, Dong; Pang, Hong (2012-07-01). "New gomphaeschnids and progobiaeshnids from the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province (China) illustrate the tremendous Upper Mesozoic diversity of the aeshnopteran dragonflies". Geobios 45 (4): 339–350. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2011.11.016. ISSN 0016-6995. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016699512000435. 
  14. ↑ Huang, Diying; Cai, Chenyang; Nel, André; Bechly, Günter (2017-10-01). "A new dragonfly family from the mid Cretaceous Burmese amber (Odonata: Aeshnoptera: Burmaeshnidae)". Cretaceous Research 78: 8–12. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.05.025. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667117300629. 
  15. ↑ Nel, Andre; Neraudeau, Didier; Perrichot, Vincent; Girard, Vincent; Gomez, Bernard (2008). "A New Dragonfly Family from the Upper Cretaceous of France" (in en). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (1): 165–168. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0113. ISSN 0567-7920. https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app53-165.html. 
  16. ↑ Azar, Dany; Maksoud, Sibelle; Abi-Saad, Pierre; Nel, Andre (2024-08-22). "A new, to date endemic, family of dragonfly in the mid-Cretaceous fossil fish Konservat-Lagerstätte of Haqel, Lebanon (Odonata: Anisoptera)" (in en). Zootaxa 5497 (1): 142–150. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5497.1.9. ISSN 1175-5334. https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5497.1.9. 
  17. ↑ Pouillon, Jean-Marc; Nel, André (2020-12-01). "The oldest representative of the modern clade Aeshnodea from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation, Araripe Basin, NE Brazil (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Cretaceous Research 116. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104580. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667120302664. 
  18. ↑ Huang, Di-ying; Nel, André; Cai, Chenyang (2017-09-01). "An enigmatic hawker dragonfly from the Middle Jurassic of China (Odonata, Aeshnoptera)" (in en). PalZ 91 (3): 459–462. doi:10.1007/s12542-017-0364-6. ISSN 1867-6812. 
  19. ↑ Endersby, Ian; Fliedner, Heinrich (2015). The Naming of Australia's Dragonflies. Eltham, Victoria, Australia: Busybird Publishing. ISBN 9781925260625. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283318421_The_Naming_of_Australia's_Dragonflies. 

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