Biology:Alate
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Alate (Latin ālātus, from āla (“wing”)) is an adjective and noun used in entomology and botany to refer to something that has wings or winglike structures.[1]
In entomology
In entomology, "alate" usually refers to the winged form of a social insect, especially ants[2]: 209 or termites,[3] though it can also be applied to aphids[4] and some thrips.[5]
Alate females are referred to as gynes, and are typically those destined to become queens.[6] A "dealate" is an adult insect that shed or lost its wings ("dealation").[7]
In botany
In botany, "alate" refers to wing-like structures on some seeds that use wind dispersal. It is also used to describe flattened ridges which run longitudinally on stems.[8]
References
- ↑ (in en) Collins Dictionary (Seventh ed.). Collins. 2008. pp. 34. ISBN 9780007261123.
- ↑ Hölldobler, Bert; Wilson, Edward O. (1990). The ants. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-04075-5.
- ↑ Mill, Alan E. (June 1983). "Observations on Brazilian termite alate swarms and some structures used in the dispersal of reproductives (Isoptera: Termitidae)" (in en). Journal of Natural History 17 (3): 309–320. doi:10.1080/00222938300770231. ISSN 0022-2933. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222938300770231.
- ↑ Hodgson, E. W.; Venette, R. C.; Abrahamson, M.; Ragsdale, D. W. (2005-12-01). "Alate Production of Soybean Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Minnesota" (in en). Environmental Entomology 34 (6): 1456–1463. doi:10.1603/0046-225X-34.6.1456. https://academic.oup.com/ee/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/0046-225X-34.6.1456.
- ↑ Gilbert, James D. J.; Simpson, Stephen J. (October 2013). "Natural history and behaviour of Dunatothrips aneurae Mound (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a phyllode-gluing thrips with facultative pleometrosis: Natural History of Dunatothrips Aneurae" (in en). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 109 (4): 802–816. doi:10.1111/bij.12100. https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/bij.12100.
- ↑ Ho, Eddie K. H.; Frederickson, Megan E. (November 2014). "Alate susceptibility in ants" (in en). Ecology and Evolution 4 (22): 4209–4219. doi:10.1002/ece3.1291. ISSN 2045-7758. PMID 25540683. Bibcode: 2014EcoEv...4.4209H.
- ↑ Tian, Haisheng; Vinson, S. Bradleigh; Coates, Craig J. (2004-09-01). "Differential gene expression between alate and dealate queens in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 34 (9): 937–949. doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.06.004. ISSN 0965-1748. PMID 15350613. Bibcode: 2004IBMB...34..937H. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0965174804001006.
- ↑ Harrison, Lorraine (2012) (in en). Latin for Gardeners. Royal Horticultural Society. pp. 20. ISBN 9781845337315.
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