Biology:Anaxeton

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Anaxeton is a genus of small shrubs and subshrubs in the family Asteraceae,[1][2] restricted to the Cape Provinces of South Africa, where it is mainly found in the fynbos biome.[3] The genus includes ten recognized species and is characterized by woolly or hairy stems, leaves that range from linear to elliptic, often sharp or prickly with glossy upper surfaces and woolly undersides, and flowerheads that may appear singly or in clusters, composed of tubular buff or reddish.[3] These plants generally grow on sandy or rocky mountain slopes and can flower year-round, adding to the region's rich plant diversity.[4]

The genus was formally described by Joseph Gaertner in 1791, building on early botanical studies of Cape flora.[3] Its accepted species include Anaxeton angustifolium, Anaxeton arborescens, Anaxeton asperum, Anaxeton brevipes, Anaxeton ellipticum, Anaxeton hirsutum, Anaxeton laeve, Anaxeton lundgrenii, Anaxeton nycthemerum, and Anaxeton virgatum.[3] Many of these species are adapted to fire-prone habitats, often regenerating from a woody base after fires. Some, such as A. asperum (commonly called paper posy), are notable for their striking red buds and durable, papery bracts.[3]

Certain species face conservation challenges; for example, Anaxeton lundgrenii is considered rare and has only been recorded from a few collections in the Klein River Mountains, with no confirmed population updates since 1974.[5] As a whole, Anaxeton reflects the adaptive diversification of the Asteraceae within South Africa's Cape Floral Region, a globally significant center of biodiversity.[3]

Species

As of July 2020 there are ten accepted species in Anaxeton:[6]
No. Binomial name Authority Synonyms Images
1. Anaxeton angustifolium Lundgren (1972)[7] nil
2. Anaxeton arborescens (L.) Less. (1832)[8] *Anaxeton arboreum (L.) Gaertn. (1791)
*Anaxeton floridum Poir.
*Anaxeton floridum Lam. (1823)
*Anaxeton recurvum (Lam.) DC. (1838)
*Gnaphalium arborescens L. (1760)
*Gnaphalium arboreum L. (1763)
*Gnaphalium cylindricum L'Hér. ex DC. (1838)
*Gnaphalium discolorum L. (1763)
*Gnaphalium floridum Poir. (1812)
*Gnaphalium recurvum Lam. (1788)
*Gnaphalium rigidum Salisb. (1796)
3. Anaxeton asperum Harv (Thunb.) DC. (1838)[9] nil
Anaxeton asperum
[10]
4. Anaxeton brevipes Lundgren (1972)[11] nil
Anaxeton brevipes
[12]
5. Anaxeton ellipticum Lundgren (1972)[13] nil
Anaxeton ellipticum
[14]
6. Anaxeton hirsutum Less. (1832)[15] Gnaphalium hirsutum Thunb. (1800)
Anaxeton hirusutum
[16]
7. Anaxeton laeve (Harv.) Lundgren (1972)[17] Anaxeton asperum var. laeve (1865) Harv.
Anaxeton laeve
[18]
8. Anaxeton lundgrenii B.Nord. (1998)[19] nil
9. Anaxeton nycthemerum Less. (1832)[20] nil
10. Anaxeton virgatum DC. (1838)[9] nil

References

  1. ↑ Gaertner, Joseph. 1791. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum 2: 406-407 in Latin
  2. ↑ Tropicos, Anaxeton Gaertn.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Anaxeton Gaertn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" (in en). http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:7619-1. 
  4. ↑ "Anaxeton asperum". https://www.fernkloof.org.za/index.php/all-plants/plant-families/item/anaxeton-asperum. 
  5. ↑ "Threatened Species Programme | SANBI Red List of South African Plants". https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=3085-11. 
  6. ↑ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  7. ↑ Lundgren 1972, p. 45.
  8. ↑ Lessing 1832, p. 354.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 DC 1838, p. 268.
  10. ↑ K Ueda 2020, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2814151641.
  11. ↑ Lundgren 1972, p. 50.
  12. ↑ K Ueda 2020, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2580072914.
  13. ↑ Lundgren 1972, p. 53.
  14. ↑ K Ueda 2020, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2580072144.
  15. ↑ Lessing 1832, p. 356.
  16. ↑ K Ueda 2020, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/258011405.
  17. ↑ Lundgren 1972, p. 23.
  18. ↑ K Ueda 2020, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2579357043.
  19. ↑ Nordenstam 1988, pp. 631–632.
  20. ↑ Lessing 1832, p. 355.

Sources

Bibliography

  1. Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (1838) (in latin). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta. 6. Parisii: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7155. 
  2. Lessing, Christian Friedrich (1832). Synopsis generum compositarum earumque dispositionis novae tentamen, monographis multarum Capensium interjectis. Berolini: sumtibus Dunckeri et Humblotii. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109470. 
  3. Lundgren (1972). Opera Botanica a Societate Botanica Lundensi. Lund, Copenhagen. 35. 
  4. Nordenstam, Rune Bertil (1988). "A new species of Anaxeton (Asteraceae) from the south-western Cape Province". South African Journal of Botany 54 (6): 631–632. doi:10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31266-2. ISSN 0254-6299. 

Wikidata ☰ Q4752443 entry




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