Biology:Antrodemus

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Antrodemus ("chamber bodied") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic, probably the Morrison Formation, of Middle Park, Colorado. It contains one species, Antrodemus valens, first described and named as a species of Poekilopleuron by Joseph Leidy in 1870.

Discovery and species

The first described fossil specimen was a bone obtained secondhand by Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden in 1869 (original discoverer unknown). It came from Middle Park, near Granby, Colorado, probably from Morrison Formation rocks. Hayden reported that several similar fossils had been identified as petrified horse hooves.[1] Hayden sent his specimen to Joseph Leidy, who identified it as half of a tail vertebra, and tentatively assigned it to the European dinosaur genus Poekilopleuron as Poicilopleuron [sic] valens, based on the shared presence of a large medullary cavity. He identified the presence of trabeculae in P. valens as a distinguishing character from P. bucklandii but also noted that should better remains show more characters that could sufficiently distinguish the two taxa, it might be named Antrodemus.[1] In 1873, he amended his description and identified the species as Antrodemus valens.[2]

James A. Jensen with a replica skull in the 1950s of what was then considered Antrodemus

In 1920, Charles W. Gilmore concluded that the tail vertebra named Antrodemus by Leidy was indistinguishable from those of Allosaurus and that Antrodemus should be the preferred name because, as the older name, it had priority.[3] Antrodemus became the accepted name for this familiar genus for over fifty years until James Madsen published on the Cleveland-Lloyd specimens of Allosaurus in 1976 and concluded that the Allosaurus name should be used because Antrodemus was based on material with poor, if any, diagnostic features and locality information (for example, the geological formation that the single bone of Antrodemus came from is unknown).[4] Subsequent authors have agreed with this assessment and have considered Antrodemus a nomen dubium.[5][6]

The paleontological site that still in the present day presents the highest concentration of fossilised individuals of Allosaurus fragilis is the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, part of the Jurassic National Monument in Utah. The first skeletal mount obtained out of the Quarry was extracted in the late 1930s/early 1940s and finally mounted in 1961 in Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. The skeleton stayed there on display, labelled for 63 years as Antrodemus, between February 1961[7] and October 2024,[8][9], thus still reading the name Antrodemus even after the specimens from the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry were attributed to Allosaurus in 1976. After restoration in Canada, it was reassembled in a more anatomically correct posture back at the Princeton New Jersey Campus, though this time in Briger Hall,[10] close to its former location of Guyot Hall which in the meantime has been renamed as "Eric and Wendy Schmidt hall".

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Leidy, Joseph (1870). "Remarks on Poicilopleuron valens, Clidastes intermedius, Leiodon proriger, Baptemys wyomingensis, and Emys stevensonianus". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22: 3–4. 
  2. ↑ Leidy, Joseph (1873). "Contribution to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories". Report of the U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories I: 14–358. 
  3. ↑ Gilmore, Charles W. (1920). "Osteology of the carnivorous dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus". Bulletin of the United States National Museum (110): 1–159. doi:10.5479/si.03629236.110.i. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/itempdf/125786. 
  4. ↑ Madsen, James H. Jr. (1993). Allosaurus fragilis: A Revised Osteology. Utah Geological Survey Bulletin 109 (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City: Utah Geological Survey. 
  5. ↑ Paul, Gregory S.; Carpenter, Kenneth (2010). "Case 3506: Allosaurus Marsh, 1877 (Dinosauria, Theropoda): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype for its type species Allosaurus fragilis Marsh, 1877". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 67 (1): 53–56. doi:10.21805/bzn.v67i1.a7. http://gspauldino.com/images/BZN67(1)Case3506.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-27. 
  6. ↑ Rauhut, Oliver W. M. (2011). "Theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)". Special Papers in Palaeontology 86: 195–239. https://www.palass.org/publications/special-papers-palaeontology/archive/86/article_pp195-239. Retrieved 2020-02-01. 
  7. ↑ Warner, William W. (October 9, 1996). "Shortly, Slim, and the Cave Demon: Digging Fossils and Forging Friendship in the Utah Desert". Princeton Alumni Weekly (Princeton University) 97 (2). https://www.princeton.edu/~paw/archive_old/PAW96-97/02-1009/1009feat.html. Retrieved June 1, 2026. 
  8. ↑ White, Demara (December 9, 2024). "Al, Guyot Hall’s Allosaurus greeter, takes a winter break for restoration and will re-emerge with a fresh look come spring". Princeton, New Jersey: Inside Princeton, Office of Communications. https://inside.princeton.edu/community-news/2024/allosaurus-restoration. 
  9. ↑ Princeton University staff (December 9, 2024). "Guyot Hall’s Allosaurus Gets a Facelift". Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton International. https://international.princeton.edu/news/guyot-halls-allosaurus-gets-facelift. 
  10. ↑ PAW staff (March 24, 2026). "How a Dinosaur From the Utah Desert Came to Princeton". Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Alumni Weekly. https://paw.princeton.edu/article/how-dinosaur-utah-desert-came-princeton. 


Wikidata ☰ Q772822 entry



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