Biology:Arachnis (plant)

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Short description: Genus of orchids

Arachnis
Arachnis longisepala - Flickr 003.jpg
Inflorescence detail of Arachnis longisepala
Arachnis labrosa 龍爪蘭 (36921330794).jpg
Flowering Arachnis labrosa specimen
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Genus: Arachnis
Blume
Type species
Arachnis flos-aeris
(L.) Rchb.f.
Synonyms[1]
  • Arachnanthe Blume
  • Arhynchium Lindl.
  • Armodorum Breda
  • Esmeralda Rchb.f.

The genus Arachnis, abbreviated as Arach in horticultural trade, (common name scorpion orchid,[2][3]) is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of more than 20 species native to China , India , Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines , New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.[4][5]

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The appearance of the monopodial, epiphytic herbs of the genus Arachnis is characterized by distichously arranged, linear leaves.[6] The vining plants may grow into a dense thicket.[7] Arachnis does not produce pseudobulbs.[8]

Generative characteristics

The flowers are thought to resemble spiders,[8] and they are fragrant.[6][8] The fragrance has been described as musky.[8]

  • Arachnis labrosa growing epiphytically on a tree

  • Detail of Arachnis labrosa flower

  • Botanical illustration of Arachnis clarkei

  • Detail of Arachnis cathcartii flower

  • Detail of Arachnis flos-aeris flower

  • Botanical illustration of Arachnis annamensis

Etymology

The generic epithet Arachnis is derived from the Greek word arachne for spider.[9]

Ecology

Habitat

Arachnis senapatiana has been found growing in subtropical broad-leaved forests at elevations of 1747 m above sea level.[6]

Flowering

Arachnis senapatiana is known to flower in June.[6]


Taxonomy

Accepted species

There are currently 16 accepted species, including one natural hybrid:[1]

  • Arachnis annamensis (Rolfe) J.J.Sm.
  • Arachnis bella (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm.
  • Arachnis bouffordii Ormerod
  • Arachnis calcarata Holttum
  • Arachnis cathcartii (Lindl.) J.J.Sm.
  • Arachnis clarkei (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm.
  • Arachnis flos-aeris (L.) Rchb.f.
  • Arachnis grandisepala J.J.Wood
  • Arachnis hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.
  • Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f.
  • Arachnis limax Seidenf.
  • Arachnis longisepala (J.J.Wood) Shim & A.Lamb
  • Arachnis × maingayi (Hook.f.) Schltr.
  • Arachnis senapatiana (Phukan & A.A.Mao) Kocyan & Schuit.
  • Arachnis seramensis (Ormerod) R.Rice
  • Arachnis siamensis (Schltr.) Tang & F.T.Wang
  • Arachnis sulingi (Blume) Rchb.f.

Species formerly placed in Arachnis

  • Arachnis beccarii Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii (Rchb.f.) Kocyan & Schuit.[10]
  • Arachnis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[11]
  • Arachnis celebica (Schltr.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis celebica (Schltr.) Ormerod[12]
  • Arachnis imthurnii (Rolfe) L.O.Williams is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit.[13]
  • Arachnis longicaulis (Schltr.) L.O.Williams is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[14]
  • Arachnis lowii (Lindl.) Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis lowii (Lindl.) Rolfe[15]
  • Arachnis lyonii Ames is now considered to be Dimorphorchis lyonii (Ames) Ormerod[16]
  • Arachnis muelleri (Kraenzl.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. beccarii[17]
  • Arachnis philippinensis (Lindl.) Ames is now considered to be Trichoglottis philippinensis Lindl.[18]
  • Arachnis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb[19]
  • Arachnis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) K.W.Tan is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit.[20]
  • Arachnis longicaulis f. flavescens Valmayor & D.Tiu is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[21]

Conservation

Arachnis has become extinct in Nansei-shoto.[1]

Horticulture

It can be cultivated under warm and moist conditions growing in pots, baskets, or mounted on slabs.[7]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Arachnis Blume" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/325887-2. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  2. ↑ Beard, James Daniel (2015). "A Translator's Vietnamese English Dictionary of Plant Names" (PDF). monash.edu.au. http://ftp.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/A_Translator,s_Vietnamese_English_Dictionary_of_Plant_Names.pdf. Retrieved 17 December 2016. 
  3. ↑ Yearron, Sydney H.. "Scientific or Latin Names to English Common Name" (PDF). The Canadian Orchid Congress. http://www.canadianorchidcongress.ca/Botnames.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2016. 
  4. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ↑ Flora of China, v25 p 465, 蜘蛛兰属 zhi zhu lan shu , Arachnis
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Jakha, H. Y., Deb, C. R., Dey, S., & Jamir, N. S. (2014). "Arachnis senapatiana (Phukan & AA Mao) Kocyan & Schuiteman (Orchidaceae): an addition to the flora of Nagaland, India." Pleione, 8(2), 516-518.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Rach, N. (n.d.). Arachnis  Blume 1825. American Orchid Society. Retrieved January 6, 2023, from https://www.aos.org/orchids/orchids-a-to-z/letter-a/arachnis.aspx
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Tan, K. W. (1974). "Taxonomy of Arachnis, Armodorum, Esmeralda and Dimorphorchis (Orchidaceae)." University of Miami.
  9. ↑ Teoh, E.S. (2021). Arachnis Bl.. In: Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A - E). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58872-4_15
  10. ↑ "Dimorphorchis beccarii (Rchb.f.) Kocyan & Schuit." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77138144-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  11. ↑ "Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77138146-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  12. ↑ "Dimorphorchis celebica (Schltr.) Ormerod" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77131115-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  13. ↑ "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77138145-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  14. ↑ "Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77138146-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  15. ↑ "Dimorphorchis lowii (Lindl.) Rolfe" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:629794-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  16. ↑ "Dimorphorchis lyonii (Ames) Ormerod" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77131117-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  17. ↑ "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. beccarii" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77167529-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  18. ↑ "Trichoglottis philippinensis Lindl." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:660552-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  19. ↑ "Dimorphorchis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77094673-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  20. ↑ "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77138145-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 
  21. ↑ "Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/:77138146-1. Retrieved 6 January 2022. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q133781 entry




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