Biology:Arcuate foramen
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In human anatomy, arcuate foramen, also known as ponticulus posticus (Latin for "little posterior bridge") or Kimmerle's anomaly,[1] refers to a bony bridge on the atlas (C1 vertebra) that covers the groove for the vertebral artery. It is a common anatomical variation and estimated to occur in approximately 3-15% of the population.[2][3][4] It occurs in females more commonly than males.[3][5] The ponticulus posticus is created through ossification of the posterior atlantooccipital ligament.
Pathology
The presence of arcuate foramen is associated with headache, musculoskeletal pain[3] and vertebrobasilar stroke.[2]
References
- ↑ "Kimmerle's anomaly as a possible causative factor of chronic tension-type headaches and neurosensory hearing loss: case report and literature review". Int. J. Neurosci. 120 (3): 236–9. 2010. doi:10.3109/00207451003597193. PMID 20374094.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Tethering of the vertebral artery in the congenital arcuate foramen of the atlas vertebra: a possible cause of vertebral artery dissection in children". Dev Med Child Neurol 43 (7): 491–6. 2001. doi:10.1017/S0012162201000901. PMID 11463182. Full Text.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Arcuate foramen and its clinical significance". Saudi Med J 26 (9): 1409–13. 2005. PMID 16155658.
- ↑ "The ponticulus posticus: implications for screw insertion into the first cervical lateral mass". J Bone Joint Surg Am 87 (11): 2495–8. 2005. doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00184. PMID 16264126. https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2102&context=open_access_pubs.
- ↑ Stubbs D (1992). "The arcuate foramen. Variability in distribution related to race and sex". Spine 17 (12): 1502–4. doi:10.1097/00007632-199212000-00010. PMID 1471009.
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