Biology:Berberis napaulensis
| Berberis napaulensis | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Berberidaceae |
| Genus: | Berberis |
| Species: | B. napaulensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Berberis napaulensis (DC.) Spreng.
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| Synonyms | |
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Berberis napaulensis Nepali: जमाने मान्द्रो is a shrub in the family Berberidaceae described as a species in 1821. It is native to China (Tibet, Yunnan, Guangxi, and Sichuan) and the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Assam, Myanmar).[1][2] This species is used medicinally throughout the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas.[3]
Description
Berberis napaulensis is a shrub or small tree that can be 1–7 meters tall. Leaves are up to 61 centimeters long, with 5-12 pairs of leaflets plus a larger terminal leaflet, all shiny above, yellowish-green below. Flowers are yellow, borne in a large panicle. Berries are spherical, deep purple, 5–7 millimeters in diameter.[1]
Taxonomy
Berberis napaulensis was initially scientifically described and named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle as Mahonia napaulensis in 1821.[4][5] As part of a long running debate between botanists on if Mahonia should be a synonym of Berberis, Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel classified it as Berberis napaulensis in 1825.[4] A paper was published by Joseph Edward Laferrière in 1997 summarized the arguments in favor of Berberis as the correct classification. As of 2023 this is the most common classification by botanists.[4][6]
Subspecies
As of 2023 there are two recognized subspecies the former Mahonia pycnophylla and the autonym. There are botanical synonyms listed by Plants of the World Online for each of the subspecies recognized there, a very large number in the case of Berberis napaulensis var. napaulensis.
Berberis napaulensis var. napaulensis[7]
- Berberis manipurensis Wall. ex Walp.
- (Ahrendt) Laferr. (Takeda) Laferr.
- Berberis miccia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
- Berberis napaulensis var. leschenaultii Berberis dolichostylis
- (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Hook.f. & Thomson Berberis pomensis
- (Ahrendt) Laferr. Berberis salweenensis
- (Takeda) Laferr. (Ahrendt) Laferr.
- Berberis siamensis (Takeda) Laferr.
- Berberis tsailunii Berberis duclouxiana
- Laferr. Mahonia acanthifolia
- Wall. ex G.Don Berberis annamica
- (Gagnep.) Laferr. Gagnep.
- Mahonia borealis Takeda
- Mahonia borealis var. perryi Berberis duclouxiana var. hilaica
- Ahrendt Mahonia dolichostylis
- Takeda Mahonia duclouxiana
- (Ahrendt) Laferr. Gagnep.
- Mahonia duclouxiana var. hilaica Ahrendt
- Mahonia flavida Berberis flavida
- C.K.Schneid. Mahonia flavida f. integrifolia
- Hand.-Mazz. Berberis acanthifolia
- (Gagnep.) Laferr. (C.K.Schneid.) Laferr.
- Takeda Mahonia intermedia
- A.Vilm. Berberis flavida var. integrifoliola
- (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Anon. Mahonia longlinensis
- Y.S.Wang & P.G.Xiao (Hand.-Mazz.) Laferr.
- Takeda Mahonia manipurensis
- Takeda Berberis gautamae
- (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Fedde Mahonia nepalensis
- Berberis borealis Laferr.
- Ahrendt Mahonia salweenensis
- Ahrendt Berberis griffithii
- Takeda Mahonia sikkimensis
- Takeda (Takeda) Laferr.
- Berberis intermedia (Takeda) Laferr.
- (A.Vilm.) Anon. Berberis keikoe
- Laferr. Berberis leschenaultii
- Berberis borealis var. parryi Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
- Mahonia siamensis Mahonia pomensis
- DC. ex Dippel Berberis longlinensis
- Mahonia napaulensis var. leschenaultii Mahonia mairei
- Mahonia leschenaultii (Y.S.Wang & P.G.Xiao) Laferr.
- Mahonia griffithii Mahonia annamica
Berberis napaulensis var. pycnophylla (Fedde) Laferr.[8]
- Mahonia napaulensis var. pycnophylla Fedde
- (Fedde) Takeda Mahonia pycnophylla
Ecology
In Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, a species of rust fungus Pucciniosira cornuta (synonym of Gambleola cornuta Massee (1898)) infects Berberis nepalensis.[9]
Traditional uses
In the Nilgiris, it is of religious and medicinal importance to the native Toda people of Tamil Nadu, who call it "Thovari" in their language. They use a paste made of the bark as a Traditional medicine remedy for women immediately after childbirth. The Toda also use a water extracted from the leaves to purify their temples after women have entered them, as women are forbidden from Toda temples.[10]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Flora of China Vol. 19 Page 779 尼泊尔十大功劳 ni bo er shi da gong lao Mahonia napaulensis Candolle
- ↑ Flora of China, vol 19, 2011.
- ↑ O'Neill, A. R.; Badola, H.K.; Dhyani, P. P.; Rana, S. K. (2017). "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 13 (1): 21. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9. PMID 28356115.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Berberis napaulensis (DC.) Spreng." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/60461528-2.
- ↑ Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de. 1821. Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale 2: 21
- ↑ Laferrière, Joseph Edward (1997). "Transfer of Specific and Infraspecific Taxa from Mahonia to Berberis (Berberidaceae)". Botanicheskii Zhurnal 82 (9): 95–98. http://en.arch.botjournal.ru/?t=issues&id=19970909&rid=pdf_0005055. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ↑ "Berberis napaulensis var. napaulensis" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/77228049-1.
- ↑ "Berberis napaulensis var. pycnophylla (Fedde) Laferr." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/5000133-1.
- ↑ Ono, Yoshitaka; Okane, Izumi; Unartngam, Jintana; Ayawong, Chanjira (May 2021). "Pucciniosira cornuta found on Berberis nepaulensis in Thailand.". Rust flora of East and Southeast Asia.. 62. 31–34. doi:10.18962/jjom.jjom.R02-16.
- ↑ Rajan, Sheelu; Sethuraman, M (1992-07-01). "Mahonia leschenaultii—A Toda plant". Ancient Science of Life 12 (1–2): 242–4. PMID 22556593.
Wikidata ☰ Q17792720 entry
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