Biology:Besnoitia besnoiti
| Besnoitia besnoiti | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Apicomplexa |
| Class: | Conoidasida |
| Order: | Eucoccidiorida |
| Family: | Sarcocystidae |
| Genus: | Besnoitia |
| Species: | B. besnoiti
|
| Binomial name | |
| Besnoitia besnoiti (Franco and Borges, 1916)
| |
Besnoitia besnoiti is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, closely related to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum,[1]. It is part of a larger genus Besnoiti affecting multiple animal species, but Besnoita besnoiti, can affect livestock.[2] and more specifically cattle as intermediate host,[1] although some specific antibodies have been found in roe deer and red deer.[3]
The biological cycle of the parasite remains unknown, it is suggested however that a carnivore, or more specifically the red fox, might be the definitive host.[3]
Geographical area
The origin of the disease seems to be difficult to specify, as there has been little attention to it until the end of the 20th century. It seems to be endemic from south of Europe,[4] or maybe sub-Saharan countries.[5] The disease has spread rapidly in the beginning of the 21st century, expanding its range to multiple continents. In Europe, it did spread from the south to cases being detected in multiple more northern countries like Germany or Belgium.[1]
Pathology: bovine besnoitiosis
Besnoitia besnoiti, is responsible for 2 sequential phases of disease: an acute phase, followed by a chronic phase. The acute phase can be lethal or lead to infertility or sterility of males.[3] The symptoms range from fever, anorexia, depression, followed by vascular disorder. The chronic phase can cause a wide range of skin lesions. Unfortunately, no vaccines or therapeutic tools exist yet to halt its progress.[5]
Genetics
This species has roughly 8,500 genes spread out over 13 chromosomes.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Delooz, Laurent; Evrard, Julien; Mpouam, Serge Eugene; Saegerman, Claude (2021-11-23). "Emergence of Besnoitia besnoiti in Belgium" (in en). Pathogens 10 (12): 1529. doi:10.3390/pathogens10121529. ISSN 2076-0817. PMID 34959484.
- ↑ Olias, P.; Schade, B.; Mehlhorn, H. (2011). "Molecular pathology, taxonomy and epidemiology of Besnoitia species (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae)". Infection, Genetics and Evolution 11 (7): 1564–76. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.08.006. PMID 21906696.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 González‐Barrio, David; Köster, Pamela C.; Habela, Miguel A.; Martín‐Pérez, Manuel; Fernández‐García, Jose L.; Balseiro, Ana; Barral, Marta; Nájera, Fernando et al. (November 2021). "Molecular survey of Besnoitia spp. (Apicomplexa) in faeces from European wild mesocarnivores in Spain" (in en). Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 68 (6): 3156–3166. doi:10.1111/tbed.14206. ISSN 1865-1674. PMID 34174029.
- ↑ Jacquiet, P.; Liénard, E.; Franc, M. (November 2010). "Bovine besnoitiosis: Epidemiological and clinical aspects" (in en). Veterinary Parasitology 174 (1–2): 30–36. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.013. PMID 20850933. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304401710004541.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 González-Barrio, David; Diezma-Díaz, Carlos; Gutiérrez-Expósito, Daniel; Tabanera, Enrique; Jiménez-Meléndez, Alejandro; Pizarro, Manuel; González-Huecas, Marta; Ferre, Ignacio et al. (December 2021). "Identification of molecular biomarkers associated with disease progression in the testis of bulls infected with Besnoitia besnoiti" (in en). Veterinary Research 52 (1): 106. doi:10.1186/s13567-021-00974-2. ISSN 1297-9716. PMID 34294155.
- ↑ "Besnoitia besnoiti (ID 62526) - Genome - NCBI". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=Besnoitia_besnoiti%5Borgn%5D.
Further reading
Alvarez-Garcia, G; Garcia-Lunar, P; Gutierrez-Exposito, D; Shkap, V; Ortega-Mora, LM (September 2014). "Dynamics of Besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle". Parasitology 141 (11): 1419–1435. doi:10.1017/S0031182014000729. PMID 24871877.
Wikidata ☰ Q4896332 entry
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