Biology:Blanket octopus
| Blanket octopus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Adult female Tremoctopus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Octopoda |
| Family: | Tremoctopodidae Tryon, 1879[1] |
| Genus: | Tremoctopus Chiaje, 1830[1] |
| Type species | |
| Tremoctopus violaceus delle Chiaje, 1830
| |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Philonexis d'Orbigny, 1835 | |
Tremoctopus is a genus of pelagic cephalopods, containing four species that occupy surface to mid-waters in subtropical and tropical oceans.[2] They are commonly known as blanket octopuses, in reference to the long, transparent webs that connect the dorsal and dorsolateral arms of the adult females. The other arms are much shorter and lack webbing.
Description
The common blanket octopus (Tremoctopus violaceus) exhibits one of the most extreme sexual size-dimorphism known in any animal near its size or larger.[3][4] Females may reach 2 m (6.6 ft) in length, whereas the males are 2.4 cm (1 inch). The weight ratio is at least 10,000:1, and can probably reach as much as 40,000:1. The males have a large arm in a spherical pouch modified for mating, known as a hectocotylus. During mating, this arm is detached, and kept by the female in her mantle cavity until used for fertilisation. The male almost certainly dies shortly after mating.[3] There is competition between the males; multiple male arms have been found in the mantle cavity of females.[3] The females carry more than 100,000 eggs attached to a sausage-shaped calcareous secretion held at the base of the dorsal arms and carried by the female until hatching.[5]
Blanket octopuses are immune to the venomous Portuguese man o' war, whose tentacles the male and immature females rip off and use for offensive and defensive purposes.[6] Like many other octopuses, the blanket octopus uses ink to intimidate potential predators.[7] Also, when threatened, the female unfurls her large net-like membranes that spread out and billow in the water, greatly increasing her apparent size.
Blanket octopuses live in coral reefs, where they hunt for food, which consists of smaller fish. They also hide from their predators there, including larger fish and even whales. The risks these reefs face include coral bleaching and ocean acidification. Although this can be dangerous to the Blanket Octopus because it is their habitat, these creatures are nomadic meaning they can move around and find shelter elsewhere, and they also have the capability to adjust to varying temperatures within the ocean.[citation needed]
Species
- Tremoctopus gelatus, gelatinous blanket octopus
- Tremoctopus robsonianus
- Tremoctopus gracilis, palmate octopus
- Tremoctopus violaceus, common blanket octopus or violet blanket octopus[lower-alpha 1]
.jpg)
.jpg)
3D red cyan glasses are recommended to view this image correctly.Notes
- ↑ Examination of mitochondrial DNA in specimens captured in the Mediterranean Sea found that they belonged to T. violaceus together with specimens from the Gulf of Mexico.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Philippe Bouchet (2013). "Tremoctopus delle Chiaje, 1830". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138563.
- ↑ "Tremoctopus". http://tolweb.org/Tremoctopus.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Norman, M.D.; Paul, D.; Finn, J.; Tregenza, T. (2002). "First encounter with a live male blanket octopus: The world's most sexually size-dimorphic large animal". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36 (4): 733–736. doi:10.1080/00288330.2002.9517126. http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjmfr/2002/061.php.
- ↑ Pickrell, John (12 August 2003). ""Walnut-size" male octopus seen alive for first time". National Geographic Society. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0212_030212_walnutoctopus.html.
- ↑ "Tremoctopus Eggs, etc.". http://tolweb.org/accessory/Tremoctopus_Eggs,_etc.?acc_id=2416.
- ↑ Jones, E.C. (1963). "Tremoctopus violaceus uses Physalia tentacles as weapons". Science 139 (3556): 764–766. doi:10.1126/science.139.3556.764. PMID 17829125. Bibcode: 1963Sci...139..764J.
- ↑ Thomas, R.F. (1977). "Systematics, distribution, and biology of cephalopods of the genus Tremoctopus (Octopoda: Tremoctopodidae)". Bulletin of Marine Science 27 (3): 353–392.
- ↑ Agus, Blondine; Carbonara, Pierluigi; Melis, Riccardo; Cannas, Rita; Carugati, Laura; Cera, Jacopo; Donnaloia, Marilena; Mulas, Antonella et al. (2022). "First Integrative Morphological and Genetic Characterization of Tremoctopus violaceussensu stricto in the Mediterranean Sea". Animals 12 (1): 80. doi:10.3390/ani12010080. PMID 35011187.
External links
- "Argonautoid families article – illustrates tentacle carrying". http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Tremoctopus&contgroup=Argonautoid_families.
Wikidata ☰ Q1417783 entry
 |  |
