Biology:Breynia vitis-idaea

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Short description: Species of flowering plant

Breynia vitis-idaea
Breynia rhamnoides 06.JPG
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Phyllanthaceae
Genus: Breynia
Species:
B. vitis-idaea
Binomial name
Breynia vitis-idaea
(Burm.f.) C.E.C.Fisch.
Synonyms[2]

Breynia vitis-idaea, the officinal breynia, is a perennial tree-like species of Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.), found from India east to Taiwan and Okinawa and south to Indonesia. It is a shrub or treelet with egg-shaped leaves that can reach up to 3 m tall. It has staminate flowers and spherical, red fruit.

Breynia vitis-idaea is pollinated by the leafflower moth Epicephala vitisidaea in Fujian, China and the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan . The moth actively pollinates the flowers, but lays an egg into the space between the external carpel wall and the tepals. The moth caterpillars consume a subset of the tree's seeds, receiving nourishment in return.[3][4]

It contains the saponin breynin and terpenic and phenolic glycosides.[5] It is marketed in Taiwan as Chi R Yun.

Toxicity

Breynia vitis-idaea poisoning causes hepatocellular liver injury.[5]

Other names

Breynia officinalis Hemsley and B. officinalis var. accrescens (Hayata) M.J.Deng & J.C.Wang are synonyms of B. vitis-idaea.

Other variants include:

  • Breynia formosana (Hayata) Hayata
  • Breynia officinalis Hemsley var. officinalis
  • Breynia stipitata Muell. -Arg. var. formosana Hayata
  • Breynia stipitata Muell. -Arg. var. formosana Hayata

Other common names in English include:[6]

  • Formosan breynia
  • Large calyx breynia
  • Medicinal breynia

Common names in other languages include:

  • Vietnamese: Cù đề
  • Template:Lang-nan Âng-sim-á, 紅珠仔 Âng-chu-á, 紅仔珠 Âng-á-chu
  • Chinese: 七日暈; literally: '7-day dizziness'
  • Malay: Hujan panas, semomah, seruyan
  • Tagalog: Matangulang
  • Thai: เพี้ยะฟาน (phiafān; [pʰíaʔ faːn]), ดับพิษ (dapphit; [dàp pʰít]) (northern), ก้างปลาทะเล (kāngplāthalē; [kâːŋ plaː tʰáʔ leː]), ผักหวานตัวผู้ (phakwāntūaphū; [pʰàk wǎːn tuːa pʰûː]) (central)[7]
  • Japanese: 大島小判の木 / オオシマコバンノキ / おおしまこばんのき (Ōshima kobannoki), 台湾小判の木 / タイワンコバンノキ / たいわんこばんのき (Taiwan kobannoki), 姫小判の木 / ヒメコバンノキ / ひめこばんのき (Hime kobannoki), 高砂小判の木 / タカサゴコバンノキ / こばんのき (Takasago kobannoki)

References

  1. Ye, J. (2019). "Breynia vitis-idaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T147650197A147650199. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147650197A147650199.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/147650197/147650199. Retrieved 6 November 2022. 
  2. "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-24457. Retrieved April 3, 2014. 
  3. Kawakita, A.; Kato, M. 2004. Obligate pollination mutualism in Breynia (Phyllanthaceae): further documentation of pollination mutualism involving Epicephala moths (Gracillariidae). American Journal of Botany. 91: 1319–1325.
  4. Zhang, J., Hu, B., Wang, S. & Li, H. (2012). "Six new species of Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) associated with Phyllanthaceae plants." Zootaxa 3275: 43-54.
  5. 5.0 5.1 J. K. Aronson. Meyler's Side Effects of Herbal Medicines. Elsevier, 2008. p. 119. ISBN:978-0-444-53269-5
  6. Breynia officinalis Hemsley at Plants of Taiwan.
  7. ค้นหาข้อมูลพืช (in Thai)

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q154969 entry