Biology:CAMP test

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Short description: Microbiological method for identification

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This is an example of a positive CAMP test indicated by the formation of an arrowhead where the Strep group B (Streptococcus agalactiae) meets the Staphylococcus aureus (light-yellow/golden middle streak).
Example of a workup algorithm of possible bacterial infection in cases with no specifically requested targets (non-bacteria, mycobacteria etc.), with most common situations and agents seen in a New England community hospital setting. CAMP test is shown at bottom left.

The CAMP test (Christie–Atkins–Munch-Peterson) is a test to identify group B β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae)[1][2] based on their formation of a substance (CAMP factor[3]) that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by the β-hemolysin elaborated from Staphylococcus aureus.

CAMP factor

Although the test is usually used to identify group B streptococcus, there is some evidence that the CAMP factor gene is present in several groups of streptococci, including group A.[4]

A similar factor has been identified in Bartonella henselae.[5]

Uses

The CAMP test can be used to identify Streptococcus agalactiae. Though not strongly beta-hemolytic on its own,[6] group B strep presents with wedge-shaped colonies in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus.[7]

It can also be used to identify Listeria monocytogenes which produces a positive CAMP reaction.[8]

Setup

  1. Streak a beta-lysin–producing strain of aureus down the center of a sheep blood agar plate.
  2. The test organism streak should be 3 to 4 cm long.
  3. Streak test organisms across the plate perpendicular to the S. aureus streak within 2 mm. (Multiple organisms can be tested on a single plate).
  4. Incubate at 35°-37°C in ambient air for 18-24 hours.
  5. Wedge shaped pattern radiating from the test organism near the S. aureus indicates positivity

Reverse CAMP test

The reverse CAMP test is a method to identify Clostridium perfringens using β-hemolytic streptococci. The CAMP factor produced by S. agalactiae and the alpha toxin produced by C. perfringens act synergistically to produce enhanced hemolysis. Streaking these two organisms perpendicular to each other on a blood agar plate will yield a “bow tie” shaped zone of hemolysis which indicates a positive test.[9][10]

History

CAMP is an acronym for "Christie–Atkins–Munch-Peterson",[11][12][13] for the three researchers who discovered the phenomenon.[14]

It is often incorrectly reported as the product of four people (counting Munch-Petersen as two people).[15] The true relationship (three people) is the reason for two en dashes and then one hyphen in Christie–Atkins–Munch-Petersen.

The name of the test bears no relationship to the name of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (commonly referred to as cAMP).

References

  1. ↑ "Rapid tube CAMP test for identification of Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B)". J. Clin. Microbiol. 12 (2): 135–7. August 1980. doi:10.1128/jcm.12.2.135-137.1980. PMID 7014603. 
  2. ↑ Wilkinson HW (July 1977). "CAMP-disk test for presumptive identification of group B streptococci". J. Clin. Microbiol. 6 (1): 42–5. doi:10.1128/jcm.6.1.42-45.1977. PMID 328534. 
  3. ↑ "Laboratory Demonstrations". http://www1.indstate.edu/thcme/micro/demo1.html. 
  4. ↑ "Identification, cloning, and expression of the CAMP factor gene (cfa) of group A streptococci". Infect. Immun. 67 (9): 4725–31. September 1999. doi:10.1128/IAI.67.9.4725-4731.1999. PMID 10456923. 
  5. ↑ "Identification, cloning, and expression of the CAMP-like factor autotransporter gene (cfa) of Bartonella henselae". Infect. Immun. 73 (7): 4205–13. July 2005. doi:10.1128/IAI.73.7.4205-4213.2005. PMID 15972511. 
  6. ↑ "Microbiology Primer: Hemolysis". http://gold.aecom.yu.edu/id/micro/hemolysis.htm. 
  7. ↑ "Streptococcaceae Answers". http://faculty.matcmadison.edu/mljensen/111CourseDocs/111Review/Unit2Reviews/streptococcaceae_answers.htm. 
  8. ↑ Aryal, Sagar (19 April 2016). "CAMP Test- Principle, Uses, Procedure and Result Interpretation" (in en-US). https://microbiologyinfo.com/camp-test-principle-uses-procedure-result-interpretation/. 
  9. ↑ Anne Hanson (2006-10-09). "CAMP Test Protocols". American Society for Microbiology. https://asm.org/ASM/media/Protocol-Images/CAMP-Test-Protocols.pdf. 
  10. ↑ Pratiksha Pokhrel (2015-09-24). "Reverse CAMP test for the identification of Clostridium perfringens" (in en-US). Microbiology Notes. http://www.microbiologynotes.com/reverse-camp-test-for-the-identification-of-clostridium-perfringens/. 
  11. ↑ "Evaluation of spot CAMP test for identification of group B streptococci". J. Clin. Microbiol. 24 (2): 296–7. August 1986. doi:10.1128/jcm.24.2.296-297.1986. PMID 3528214. 
  12. ↑ "Hippurate hydrolysis and Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson tests as epidemiological diagnostic tools for Streptococcus agalactiae carriage in pregnancy". East Afr Med J 77 (1): 34–6. January 2000. doi:10.4314/eamj.v77i1.46373. PMID 10944837. 
  13. ↑ "CAMP factor homologues in Propionibacterium acnes: a new protein family differentially expressed by types I and II". Microbiology 151 (Pt 5): 1369–79. May 2005. doi:10.1099/mic.0.27788-0. PMID 15870447. http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15870447. 
  14. ↑ Christie, R., Atkins, NE and Munch-Petersen, E. (1944). A note on a lytic phenomenon shown by group B streptococci. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 22, 197-200
  15. ↑ "Streptococci". http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/streptococci.htm. 




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