Biology:Caballerorhynchus

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Caballerorhynchus is a monotypic genus of acanthocephalans (thorny-headed or spiny-headed parasitic worms) containing a single species, Caballerorhynchus lamothei, that infests animals.

Taxonomy

The species was described by Salgado-Maldonado in 1977. The National Center for Biotechnology Information does not indicate that any phylogenetic analysis has been published on Caballerorhynchus that would confirm its position as a unique order in the family Cavisomidae.[1] It has been suggested that the genus be moved to Rhadinorhynchidae due to their morophological similarities.[2]

Description

C. lamothei consists of a proboscis covered in hooks arranged in three circles with six hooks in each circle, a proboscis receptacle, and a trunk.[3] It is distinguished from other genera of Cavisomidae through several morphological traits including the location of the testes (away from posterior extremity).[4][5]

Distribution

The distribution of C. lamothei is determined by that of its hosts. It was found in the Sontecomapan Lagoon located in Veracruz, Mexico.[3] It is found in other locations.[6][7][8]

Hosts

Diagram of the life cycle of Acanthocephala
Life cycle of Acanthocephala.[9][lower-alpha 1]

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. An intermediate host of Caballerorhynchus is Discapseudes holthuisi.[11] When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor are passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Caballerorhynchus.[12]

C. lamothei parasitizes the Irish mojarra (Diapterus auratus).[3] It was also found in Diapterus rhombeus,[13] Eugerres plumieri[14] and the southern catfish.[15] There are no reported cases of C. lamothei infesting humans in the English language medical literature.[10]

Irish mojarra, a fish, on the ground
The Irish mojarra is the host for C. lamothei

Notes

  1. ↑ There are no known aberrant human infections for C. lamothei species.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard et al. (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools.". Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation. doi:10.1093/database/baaa062. PMID 32761142. PMC 7408187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi. Retrieved April 1, 2024. 
  2. ↑ Pichelin, Sylvie; Cribb, Thomas H. (2001-12-01). "The status of the Diplosentidae (Acanthocephala: Palaeacanthocephala) and a new family of acanthocephalans from Australian wrasses (Pisces: Labridae)". Folia Parasitologica 48 (4): 289–303. doi:10.14411/fp.2001.047. http://folia.paru.cas.cz/doi/10.14411/fp.2001.047.html. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Salgado1977
  4. ↑ Bursey, Charles R.; Vrcibradic, Davor; Hatano, Fabio H.; Rocha, Carlos Frederico D. (2006-04-01). "NEW GENUS, NEW SPECIES OF ACANTHOCEPHALA (ECHINORHYNCHIDAE) FROM THE BRAZILIAN FROG HYLODES PHYLLODES (ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE)" (in en). Journal of Parasitology 92 (2): 353–356. doi:10.1645/GE-3518.1. ISSN 0022-3395. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/GE-3518.1. 
  5. ↑ Rodríguez Rivera, Ilse Adriana (2023-05-10). Estudio morfológico de Caballerorhynchus lamothei salgado-maldonado, 1977, parásito de peces marinos en algunas localidades del estado de Veracruz, México (Thesis) (in Spanish). Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ↑ Pérez‐Ponce de León, Gerardo; Choudhury, Anindo (2005-03-15). "Biogeography of helminth parasites of freshwater fishes in Mexico: the search for patterns and processes" (in en). Journal of Biogeography 32 (4): 645–659. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01218.x. ISSN 0305-0270. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01218.x. 
  7. ↑ Salgado-Maldonado G, Amin OM. Acanthocephala of the Gulf of México. In: Felder DL, Camp DK, editors. Gulf of México-origins, waters, and biota. Biodiversity. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. 2009. p. 539-552.
  8. ↑ GarcíA-Prieto, Luis; Garcia-Varela, MartíN; Mendoza-Garfias, Berenit; De LeóN, Gerardo PéRez-Ponce (2010-04-06). "Checklist of the Acanthocephala in wildlife vertebrates of Mexico". Zootaxa 2419 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2419.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.2419.1.1. 
  9. ↑ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (April 11, 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". Centers for Disease Control. https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/acanthocephaliasis/index.html. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mathison, BA (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol 59 (11). doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMID 34076470. PMC 8525584. https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJCM.02691-20. 
  11. ↑ Escobar-Briones, E.; Alvarez, F.; Salgado-Maldonado, G. (February 1999). "Discapseudes holthuisi (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) as an Intermediate Host of Caballerorhynchus lamothei (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae)". The Journal of Parasitology 85 (1): 134. doi:10.2307/3285718. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3285718?origin=crossref. 
  12. ↑ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". Biology of the Acanthocephala. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/17218255.pdf. Retrieved 16 July 2023. 
  13. ↑ Cohen, Simone Chinicz; Justo, Marcia Cristina Nascimento; Cárdenas, Melissa Querido (2022). "New records of Monogenoidea (Platyhelminthes) from three marine fish species from the coast of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Zoologia (Curitiba) 39. doi:10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e22024. ISSN 1984-4689. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702022000100324&tlng=en. 
  14. ↑ Montoya-Mendoza, J., Muñoz-Nieto, G., Cházaro-Olvera, S., Mendoza-Franco, E. F., Lango-Reynoso, F., & Castañeda-Chávez, M. D. R. (2020). Parasitic helminths infecting Eucinostomus melanopterus and Eugerres plumieri (Perciformes: gerreidae), from Boca del Rio, Veracruz, México. Acta biológica colombiana, 25(1), 165-168.
  15. ↑ Salgado-Maldonado, Guillermo; Aguilar-Aguilar, Rogelio; Cabañas-Carranza, Guillermina; Soto-Galera, Eduardo; Mendoza-Palmero, Carlos (2005-04-06). "Helminth parasites in freshwater fish from the Papaloapan river basin, Mexico" (in en). Parasitology Research 96 (2): 69–89. doi:10.1007/s00436-005-1315-9. ISSN 0932-0113. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo-Soto-Galera/publication/7923090_Helminth_parasites_in_freshwater_fish_from_the_Papaloapan_river_basin_Mexico/links/0912f50be0a7e1cb02000000/Helminth-parasites-in-freshwater-fish-from-the-Papaloapan-river-basin-Mexico.pdf. 

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