Biology:Cambarus gentryi

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Short description: Species of crayfish

Cambarus gentryi

Apparently Secure (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification edit
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Family: Cambaridae
Genus: Cambarus
Species:
C. gentryi
Binomial name
Cambarus gentryi
Hobbs, 1970

Cambarus gentryi, the linear cobalt crayfish,[2] is a small species of burrowing crayfish. One of 115 species in the genus Cambarus,[3] it is notable for its deep blue carapace.[4] It is endemic to Tennessee in the United States.[1][2]

Taxonomy and description

Although three specimens of C. gentryi were collected and stored in the 1890s, the species was not described until 1970 by Horton Hobbs Jr.[5] This followed its 1968 collection by Dr. Glenn Gentry, from which the species name was derived.[5]

Geographic range

The linear cobalt crayfish has been found in the Cumberland and Duck river basins in Tennessee.[4]There are 37 reported sightings of C. gentryi on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) between 1962-2022.[6] They are all localized to the southern part of Tennessee in the United States , North America.[6]

Physical description

Cambarus gentryi has a shell length of around 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) and pincers about 2 cm (0.79 in) long.[4] Its shell is cobalt blue in colour with orange or yellow to yellowish-green markings.[4] The eyes are small and well-developed, and the areola (a structure which runs along the centre of the cephalothorax) is sublinear, or mostly uncurved.[5] Like other decapods, C. gentryi has ten pairs of legs, of which the forward-most pair are modified into robust pincers known as chela.[7] A detailed description of the morphological identifiers unique to C. gentryi, alongside drawings of the type specimen, may be found in the original species description in the Biodiversity Heritage Library: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34572783.[5]

The type specimen is stored in the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D.C., USA under the identifier USNM 130283.[8] The allotype (female) and morphotype (male) are in the same institution under the identifiers USNM 130284 and 130285.[8]

Habitat

The linear cobalt crayfish creates burrows in damp areas along river banks.[5] Its burrows have been described in several locations across its range; although sometimes limited by soil depth, they can have multiple openings to the surface and have been found to be up to about 2.5 m (8 ft) in length and 0.91 m (3 ft) in depth.[5][8]

Development and reproduction

Adults in family Cambaridae alternate molts between reproductive (form I) and non reproductive (Form II) forms.[7] Male form I has larger claws and altered sperm transfer gonopods; in some species, the female form I has a wider abdomen.[7] On collection of C. gentryi specimens in and prior to 1970, first-form males were collected at various times of year (April, May, and November) and egg- or young-bearing females had not been collected or identified.[5]

Lifespan

The exact lifespan of C. gentryi is not known; however, other individuals in this family (Cambaridae) have been known to live 6-7 years.[7]

Ecological Interactions

C. gentryi is a known host of Uncinocythere zancla, an entocytherid osctracod.[9] This is a small crustacean which lives as an obligate ectosymbiont to other crustaceans by attaching to the carapaces.[10]

Conservation status

Cambarus gentryi is listed as least concern by the IUCN.[1]

Genomic information

Five publicly available gene fragment sequences exist for C. gentryi, available through NCBI genbank with taxonomy ID NCBI:txid318489.[11] The following gene fragments are available:[11]

  1. Isolate JF2508 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene; Accession no. KX417101.1
  2. Histone H3 (H3) gene, partial cds; Accession no. DQ411804.1
  3. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene, partial cds; mitochondrial; Accession no. DQ411785.1
  4. 12S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; mitochondrial; Accession no. DQ411731.1
  5. 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; mitochondrial; Accession no. AY853664.1

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cordeiro, J.; Jones, T.; Thoma, R.F. (2010). "Cambarus gentryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T153803A4547037. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153803A4547037.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/153803/4547037. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Cambarus gentryi". NatureServe. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.107788/Cambarus_gentryi. Retrieved 1 March 2023. 
  3. ↑ "ITIS - Report: Cambarus" (in en-US). https://itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=97337#null. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Biological Society of Washington; Washington, Biological Society of; Washington, Biological Society of; Washington, Biological Society of; Institution, Smithsonian; Institution, Smithsonian (1970). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 83. Washington: Biological Society of Washington. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107535. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Hobbs, Horton H (May 27, 1970). "A new crayfish from the Nashville basin, Tennessee". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 83 (14): 161-170. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34572790. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Search" (in en). https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/map?taxon_key=2227345. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Thorp, James H.; Rogers, D. Christopher (2011), "Crayfish, Crabs, and Shrimp" (in en), Field Guide to Freshwater Invertebrates of North America (Elsevier): pp. 157–168, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381426-5.00018-1, ISBN 978-0-12-381426-5, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780123814265000181, retrieved 2023-10-02 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Hobbs, Horton Holcombe Jr. (1989). "An Illustrated Checklist of the American Crayfishes (Decapoda, Astacidae, Cambaridae, Parastacidae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (480): 22. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.480. 
  9. ↑ Hobbs, Horton H.; Peters, Daniel J. (1993). "New record of enterocytherid ostracods infesting burrowing and cave-dwelling crayfishes, with descriptions of two new species". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 106 (3): 455-466. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34574287. 
  10. ↑ Weaver, Patricia G.; Williams, Bronwyn W. (2017-06-07). "A new genus and species of entocytherid ostracod (Ostracoda: Entocytheridae) from the John Day River Basin of Oregon, U.S.A., with a key to genera of the subfamily Entocytherinae". Zootaxa 4273 (4). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4273.4.7. ISSN 1175-5334. https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4273.4.7. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Cambarus Gentryi". https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=318489. 

Wikidata ☰ Q6488244 entry




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