Biology:Campephilus

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Campephilus is a genus of large American woodpeckers in the family Picidae.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus Campephilus was introduced by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840, with the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) as the type species.[2] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kampē meaning "caterpillar" and philos meaning "loving".[3] The genus is placed in the tribe Campephilini in the subfamily Picinae and is sister to a clade containing woodpeckers from Southeast Asia in the genera Chrysocolaptes, Blythipicus, and Reinwardtipicus.[4]

Species

The genus contains 12 species:[5]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution IUCN status
120px Powerful woodpecker Campephilus pollens Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela LC
120px Splendid woodpecker Campephilus splendens Panama, western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador LC
159x159px Crimson-bellied woodpecker Campephilus haematogaster Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. LC
120px Red-necked woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. LC
120px Robust woodpecker Campephilus robustus Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. LC
120px Crimson-crested woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos Panama south to northern border regions of Argentina, and on Trinidad. LC
120px Guayaquil woodpecker Campephilus gayaquilensis southern Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru. LC
120px Pale-billed woodpecker Campephilus guatemalensis northern Mexico to western Panama. LC
120px Cream-backed woodpecker Campephilus leucopogon Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and far northwestern Uruguay. LC
120px Magellanic woodpecker Campephilus magellanicus southern Chile and southwestern Argentina LC
179x179px Ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis Southern United States CR
164x164px Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis bairdii Cuba CR[lower-alpha 1]
120px (?†) Imperial woodpecker Campephilus imperialis – possibly extinct (1956 – 2001)[lower-alpha 2] Mexico CR possibly EX

A fossil species, C. dalquesti, was described from bones found in Late Pleistocene deposits of Scurry County, Texas.[6]

Notes

  1. ↑ Shares its status with the nominate species
  2. ↑ Declared extinct by the Federal Government of Mexico in 2001, but they have a recovery plan in the event of rediscovery.

References

  1. ↑ Benz, Brett W.; Robbins, Mark B. & Peterson, A. Townsend (2006): Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 389–399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.021
  2. ↑ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 54. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13668971. 
  3. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. 
  4. ↑ Shakya, S.B.; Fuchs, J.; Pons, J.M.; Sheldon, F.H. (2017). "Tapping the woodpecker tree for evolutionary insight". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 116: 182–191. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.005. PMID 28890006. Bibcode: 2017MolPE.116..182S. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319596154. 
  5. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (July 2023). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/woodpeckers/. 
  6. ↑ "Systematics - Ivory-billed Woodpecker - Campephilus principalis - Birds of the World" (in en). https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/ivbwoo/cur/systematics. 

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