Biology:Catillaria

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Catillaria is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Catillariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852.[1] It is the type genus of Catillariaceae, which was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner in 1984.[2]

Description

Catillaria typically grows as a thin, crust-like layer (crustose) on various surfaces. The fungal body (thallus) can appear in several forms – it may be barely visible, cracked, warty, or divided into small polygonal areas called [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. These lichens display various colours including white, grey, green, brown, or black, though some species that grow on other lichens may lack a visible thallus entirely.[3]

Like all lichens, Catillaria represents a symbiotic partnership between a fungus and photosynthetic algae (known as the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). In this genus, the algal partners are green algae, specifically from genera such as Dictyochloropsis, Myrmecia, or Trebouxia. The fungal portion lacks a protective outer layer ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) or has only a rudimentary one.[3]

The reproductive structures (apothecia) are black and typically lack a powdery coating ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). They have a distinctive microscopic structure, including specialised cells called paraphyses that have abruptly swollen tips capped with dark brown pigmentation. The spore-producing cells (asci) typically contain eight spores, though occasionally up to 16, and show a characteristic blue reaction when treated with iodine-based stains. The spores themselves are colourless and divided into two cells by a single wall (septum), without any surrounding gelatinous sheath.[3]

The genus can be distinguished from similar lichens by its combination of asci that turn blue with iodine, paraphyses with dark-capped swollen tips, two-celled spores without a gelatinous coating, and spore-producing cells arranged in chains. While the similar genus Halecania shares many of these features, it differs in having thick-walled spores with a distinct gelatinous coating and is not closely related based on genetic analysis. When analyzed chemically using thin-layer chromatography, these lichens do not show evidence of specialised lichen products.[3]

Species

As of February 2025, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept 53 species of Catillaria.[4]

  • Catillaria alboflavicans (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria aphana (Nyl.) Coppins (1989)
  • Catillaria atomarioides (Müll.Arg.) H.Kilias (1981)
  • Catillaria australica Räsänen (1944)[5]
  • Catillaria austrolittoralis Kantvilas & van den Boom (2013)
  • Catillaria baliola (Nyl.) Orange (2022)
  • Catillaria banksiae (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria brisbanensis Räsänen (1949)[6]
  • Catillaria chalybeia (Borrer) A.Massal. (1852)
  • Catillaria croceella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria distorta Körb. (1862)
  • Catillaria effugiens (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria erysiboides (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (1874)
  • Catillaria flavicans (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria flexuosa van den Boom & Alvarado (2021)[7] – the Netherlands
  • Catillaria frenchiana (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria fungoides Etayo & van den Boom (2001) – Africa; Asia; Europe[8]
  • Catillaria gerroana P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2017)[9] – Australia
  • Catillaria gilbertii Fryday & Coppins (1996)[10] – Scotland
  • Catillaria glaucogrisea Fryday (2004)
  • Catillaria glauconigrans (Tuck.) Hasse (1909)
  • Catillaria golubkovae Kotlov (2002)
  • Catillaria grossulina (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria japonica Zhurb. & Hafellner (2020)[11]
  • Catillaria laevigata P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2018)[12] – Australia
  • Catillaria lenticularis (Ach.) Th.Fr. (1874)
  • Catillaria lobariicola (Alstrup) Coppins & Aptroot (2008)[13]
  • Catillaria mediterranea Hafellner (1983)[14]
  • Catillaria melaclina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria melaclinoides (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria minuta (Schaer.) Lettau (1912)
  • Catillaria modesta (Müll.Arg.) Coppins (1989)
  • Catillaria mycophila (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) J.Steiner (1898) – China; Taiwan[15]
  • Catillaria nigroisidiata van den Boom (2002)[16] – Europe
  • Catillaria patteeana D.P.Waters & Lendemer (2019)[17] – USA
  • Catillaria phaeoloma (C.Knight) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria picila (A.Massal.) Coppins (1989)
  • Catillaria reichertiana Galun (1967)[18] – Israel
  • Catillaria rimosa Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria rudolphii C.W.Dodge (1955)[19]
  • Catillaria scleroplaca (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria scotinodes (Nyl.) Coppins (1989)
  • Catillaria stereocaulorum (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier (1905)
  • Catillaria subfuscata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria subpraedicta M.Brand & van den Boom (2010)[20] – Canary Islands
  • Catillaria subviridis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria tasmanica Räsänen (1944)
  • Catillaria tenuilimbata (C.Knight) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria trachonoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Catillaria ulleungdoensis S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)[21] – South Korea
  • Catillaria umbratilis Jatta (1911)[22]
  • Catillaria usneicola Etayo (2000)[23]
  • Catillaria vandenberghenii Sérus. (1983)[24] – Zimbabwe

References

  1. ↑ Massalongo, A.B. (1852) (in it). Ricerche sull'autonomia dei licheni crostosi. Verona: Dalla tipografia di A. Frizierio. p. 78. 
  2. ↑ Hafellner, Josef (1984). "Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoracae und Lecideaceae" (in de). Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 79: 241–371. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cannon, P.; Orange, A.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B.; Fletcher, A.; Fryday, A.; Sanderson, N.; Simkin, J. et al. (2022). Caliciales: Catillariaceae, including the genera Catillaria and Solenopsora. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 22. pp. 2–3. open access
  4. ↑ "Catillaria". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CCY64. 
  5. ↑ Räsänen, V. (1944). "Lichenes novi I". Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo" 20 (3): 1–34. 
  6. ↑ Räsänen, V. (1949). "Lichenes Novi V". Archivum Societatis Botanicae Zoologicae Fennicae "Vanamo" 3: 178–188. 
  7. ↑ van den Boom, Pieter P. G.; Alvarado, Pablo (2021). "Catillaria flexuosa (Catillariaceae), a new lichen species described from the Netherlands". The Lichenologist 53 (2): 193–202. doi:10.1017/s0024282921000050. 
  8. ↑ Kukwa, Martin; Czarnota, Paweł; Łubek, Anna (2017). "Three lichen species in Buellia, Catillaria, and Cheiromycina, new to Poland". Mycotaxon 132 (1): 177–182. doi:10.5248/132.177. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/393569. 
  9. ↑ McCarthy, P.M.; Elix, J.A. (2017). "Five new lichen species (Ascomycota) and a new record from southern New South Wales, Australia". Telopea 20: 333–353. doi:10.7751/TELOPEA12043. 
  10. ↑ Fryday, Alan M.; Coppins, Brian J. (1996). "Three new species in the Catillariaceae from the Central Highlands of Scotland". The Lichenologist 28 (6): 507–512. doi:10.1006/lich.1996.0048. 
  11. ↑ Zhurbenko, Mikhail P.; Ohmura, Yoshihito (2020). "Contributions to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi growing on baeomycetoid lichens and Icmadophila, with a key to the species". The Lichenologist 52 (6): 437–453. doi:10.1017/S002428292000047X. 
  12. ↑ Elix, J.A.; McCarthy, P.M. (2018). "Ten new lichen species (Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology 82: 20–59. 
  13. ↑ Coppins, Brian J.; Aptroot, André (2008). "New species and combinations in The Lichens of the British Isles". The Lichenologist 40 (5): 363–374. doi:10.1017/S0024282908008165. 
  14. ↑ Tretiach, M.; Hafellner, J. (1998). "A new species of Catillaria from coastal Mediterranean regions". The Lichenologist 30 (3): 221–229. doi:10.1006/lich.1998.0126. 
  15. ↑ Ren, Qiang; Zheng, Xiao-Jia (2018). "Rare or interesting lichen species new to China". Mycotaxon 133 (3): 373–379. doi:10.5248/133.373. 
  16. ↑ van den Boom, P.P.G. (2002). "A new isidiate species of Catillaria from the Netherlands". The Lichenologist 34 (4): 321–325. doi:10.1006/lich.2002.0398. 
  17. ↑ Waters, D.P.; Lendemer, J.C. (2019). "The Lichens and Allied Fungi of Mercer County, New Jersey". Opuscula Philolichenum 18: 17–51 [43]. doi:10.5962/p.388258. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/388258. 
  18. ↑ Galun, Margalith (1967). "A new species of Catillaria from Israel". The Lichenologist 3 (3): 423–424. doi:10.1017/S0024282967000441. 
  19. ↑ Dodge, C.W.; Rudolph, E.D. (1955). "Lichenological notes on the flora of the Antarctic Continent and the subantarctic islands. I-IV". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 42 (2): 131–149. doi:10.2307/2394598. Bibcode: 1955AnMBG..42..131D. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/21760. 
  20. ↑ Boom, P.P.G. van den (2010). "Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Lanzarote (Canary Islands), with the description of two new species". Cryptogamie, Mycologie 31 (2): 183–199. https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/mycologie/31/2/lichens-and-lichenicolous-fungi-lanzarote-canary-islands-descriptions-two-new-species. 
  21. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J.P.; Upreti, D.K.; Mishra, G. K.; Haji Moniri, M. et al. (2016). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 5". Acta Botanica Hungarica 58 (3–4): 319–396. doi:10.1556/ABot.58.2016.3-4.7. http://real.mtak.hu/40025/1/abot.58.2016.3-4.7.pdf. 
  22. ↑ Jatta, A. (1911). "Lichenes lecti in Tasmania a W. Weymouth" (in la). Bolletino della Società Botanica Italiana 1911: 253–260. 
  23. ↑ Etayo, J. (2000). "Aportación a la flora liquénica de las Islas Canarias. VI. Hongos liquenícolas de La Palma". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence 51: 152–162 [155]. 
  24. ↑ Sérusiaux, E. (1983). "Foliicolous lichens From Zimbabwe". The Lichenologist 15 (3): 283–287. doi:10.1017/S0024282983000419. 
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